Tài liệu, ebook Kế Toán - Kiểm Toán

Identification of root-cause cost drivers for the major non-value-added activities Analysis of root-cause cost drivers of value-added activities may also lead to more efficient use of resources Value-added management (or value analysis) The process of targeting and eliminating non-value-added activities

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Wide choice of non-financial measures available Their development can be ad-hoc and undirected Managers must necessarily make trade-offs Some measures lack integrity Some measures not easily translated into financial outcomes

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Residual income = profit - (invested capital x imputed interest rate) Imputed interest charge: based on the required rate of return that the firm expects of its investments, which is based on the organisation’s required rate of return

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Team-based structures Firms have moved away from hierarchical structures towards flatter structures that involve fewer levels of management Self-managed work teams may be used to manage all aspects of a process In the production area, team responsibilities may include Production planning, ordering materials, liaising with suppliers and customer...

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Variable overhead spending variance A measure of the difference between the actual variable overhead and the standard variable overhead rate multiplied by actual activity = Actual variable overhead - (AH x SVR) Where AH = actual direct labour hours SVR = standard variable overhead rate

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Engineering methods Rather than what did it cost in the past, the focus is on what should it cost in the future? Need to determine how much material should be required and how much direct labour should be used in the production process Time and motion studies may be conducted to ascertain how long it should take for workers to perform each step ...

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Responsibility centres A sub-unit of the organisation whose manager is held accountable for the sub-units’ activities and performance Cost centres, revenue centres, profit centre and investment centre The type of responsibility centre determines the types of financial results for which a manager is held accountable

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A methodology that can be used to measure both the cost of cost objects and the performance of activities Can help solve problems such as Distorted product costs Poor cost control The ABC method adopted, depends on the problems that need to be addressed

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Determining cost allocation bases A cost allocation base is some factor or variable that allows us to allocate costs in a cost pool to cost objects Ideally should be a cost driver A cost driver is an activity or factor that causes costs to be incurred Ideally cost should increase or decrease in direct proportion to the allocation case (or cost ...

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Staffed by professional staff who provide personal services and serve relatively few customers The front office is more important than the back office Examples: medical, legal, accounting, management consulting, and architectural businesses

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