Tài liệu, ebook Sinh Học

Common unsaturated fatty acids Unusual fatty acids can function analogously to unsaturated Enzymes used to Dissect Phospholipid Structure

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Structure of the ABO blood group carbohydrates,R represents the linkage to protein in the secreted forms, sphingolipid in the cell-surface bound form open square = GlcNAc, open diamond = galactose, filled square = fucose, filled diamond = GalNAc, filled diamond = sialic acid (NANA)

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Glucose Fructose Ribulose Glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone

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Protein coenzyme Heme containing proteins Fe3+ can undergo reversible one electron reduction Impt in redox rxns Classified based on the basis of their visible absorbance spectra

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Thiamin is the first Vitamin discovered (Vital amine = Vitamin) Deficiencies lead to disease called Beriberi (neurological disorders, heart problems, anorexia) Beriberi prevealent in undeveloped countries where polished grains make up the majority of the diet. Associated with alcohol related disorders (Wernickes-Korskofff syndrome – memory loss,...

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Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, thrombin, subtilisin, plasmin, TPA All involve a serine in catalysis - thus the name Ser is part of a "catalytic triad" of Ser, His, Asp (show over head) Serine proteases are homologous, but locations of the three crucial residues differ somewhat Substrate specificity determined by binding pocket

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Some enzyme catalyzed rxns show more complex behavior E + S<->ES<->EZ<->EP<-> E + P With M-M can look only at rate limiting step Often more than one substrate E+S1<->ES1+S2<->ES1S2<->EP1P2<-> EP2+P1<-> E+P2 Must optimize one substrate then calculate kinetic parameters for the other Assumes k-2 = 0 Assume steady state conditions

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Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase acetyl-CoA + CO2 + ATP  malonyl-CoA + ADP + Pi 1St committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis In presence of citrate activated In presence of fatty acyl-CoA inactivated

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Ping-Pong Reactions In Ping-Pong rxns first product released before second substrate binds When E binds A, E changes to F When F binds B, F changes back to E

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study of reaction rate determines number of steps involved determines mechanism of reaction identifies “rate-limiting” step

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