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Real-time computing  fast computing  Increase of computing power  improvement of the performance  Graham’s theorem  If a task set is optimally scheduled on a multiprocessor with some priority assignment, a fixed number of processors, fixed execution times, and precedence constraints, then increasing the number of processors, reducing...

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Embedded systems:  Computing systems with tightly coupled hardware and software integration, that are designed to perform a dedicated function  Real-time embedded systems  Real-time: required timing & function correctness  Commutative between embedded systems and realtime systems  Hard/soft real-time system

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Suppose that system has only one resource for each type such as 1 printer, 1 tape driver, 1 plotter .  To detect a deadlock (the easiest technique)  Draw a graph of relationship between processes and resources  If at least one cycle can be detected, a deadlock exists.

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RTOSes can be used in a wide variety of embedded systems  Scale up or down to meet application-specific requirements  Scale up: Adding additional hardware and its corresponding software modules, eg. disk drive, sensor  Scale down: removing unnecessary hardware drivers and software modules.

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12.1 The nature of the design problem 12.2 Interface design 12.3 Implementation 12.4 Performance 12.5 Project management 12.6 Prends in operating system design

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Some key windows 2000 files mode they run in number of exported function calls main contents of each file Calls in win32k.sys not formally exported not called directly

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10.1 History of unix 10.2 Overview of unix 10.3 Processes in unix 10.4 Memory management in unix 10.5 Input/output in unix 10.6 The unix file system 10.7 Security in unix

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The Biba Model Principles to guarantee integrity of data Simple integrity principle process can write only objects at its security level or lower The integrity * property process can read only objects at its security level or higher

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Linda independent processes communicate via abstract tuple space Tuple like a structure in C, record in Pascal Operations: out, in, read, eval

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Most movies stored on DVD or tape copy to disk when needed results in large startup time keep most popular movies on disk Can keep first few min. of all movies on disk start movie from this while remainder is fetched

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