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ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS’ EQUITY This is the equation that underlies the balance sheet. This equation reflects a company’s financial position. The amount of assets equals the claims on those assets: Liability claims and Owners’ equity, the residual claim. The slightly rearranged balance sheet equation reflects the concept of equity as ...
31 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 934 | Lượt tải: 1
Also known as statement of changes in owners’ equity or statement of shareholders’ equity Period of time Beginning equity + Changes in equity = Ending equity Basic components of owners’ equity are paid-in capital and retained earnings. Beginning common stock + Issuances – Repurchases = Ending common stock Beginning retained earnings + Net Inc...
36 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 989 | Lượt tải: 1
Background Spartan, Inc., is considering the development of a subsidiary in Singapore that would manufacture and sell tennis rackets locally. Spartan’s financial managers have asked the manufacturing, marketing, and financial departments to provide them with relevant input so they can apply a capital budgeting analysis to this project. In addit...
34 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 1562 | Lượt tải: 1
Though disadvantages of DFI may exist, MNCs can compare benefits of DFI among countries and use DFI to achieve those benefits (Exhibit 13.1). MNCs measure the benefits of DFI by following the steps in Exhibit 13.2 MNCs apply a multinational capital budgeting process to compare the benefits and costs of international projects. This capital budget...
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Should the firm attempt to increase or reduce sales in new or existing foreign markets? Should the firm increase or reduce its dependency on foreign suppliers? Should the firm establish or eliminate production facilities in foreign markets? Should the firm increase or reduce its level of debt denominated in foreign currencies?
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Allows an MNC to lock in a specific exchange rate at which it can purchase a currency and hedge payables. A forward contract is negotiated between the firm and a financial institution. The contract will specify the: currency that the firm will pay currency that the firm will receive amount of currency to be received by the firm rate at which th...
30 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 1103 | Lượt tải: 1
Any points off of the PPP line represent purchasing power disparity. If the exchange rate does not move as PPP theory suggests, there is a disparity in the purchasing power of the two countries. Point C in Exhibit 8.3 represents a situation where home inflation (Ih) exceeds foreign inflation (If ) by 4 percent. Yet, the foreign currency appreciate...
35 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 1140 | Lượt tải: 1
Governments sometimes intervene to prevent their currencies from moving too far in a certain direction. Critics suggest that managed float allows a government to manipulate exchange rates to benefit its own country at the expense of others. Currencies of most large developed countries are allowed to float, although they may be periodically manage...
30 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 1144 | Lượt tải: 1
Similar to forward contracts in terms of obligation to purchase or sell currency on a specific settlement date in the future. Differ from forward contracts because futures have standard contract specifications: Standardized number of units per contract (See Exhibit 5.2) Offer greater liquidity than forward contracts Typically based on U.S. doll...
33 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 1072 | Lượt tải: 1
Relative Inflation: Increase in U.S. inflation leads to increase in U.S. demand for foreign goods, an increase in U.S. demand for foreign currency, and an increase in the exchange rate for the foreign currency. (See Exhibit 4.5) Relative Interest Rates: Increase in U.S. rates leads to increase in demand for U.S. deposits and a decrease in demand f...
23 trang | Chia sẻ: thuychi20 | Ngày: 07/04/2020 | Lượt xem: 1058 | Lượt tải: 1