Thư viện tài liệu, ebook tổng hợp lớn nhất Việt Nam

A redundant switched topology includes multihomed switches and EtherChannel. A redundant switched topology causes looping issues such as broadcast storms. The 802.1D STP establishes a loop-free network. The original STP has been enhanced by PVST+ and RSTP.

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Layer 1 provides the physical media and its encoding. Layer 2 devices provide an interface with the physical media. Layer 2 addresses are MAC addresses. The network layer provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems. Layer 3 addresses are IP addresses.

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Transport layer of the TCP/IP stack Access to the network layer for applications Connection-oriented protocol Full-duplex mode operation Error checking Sequencing of data packets Acknowledgement of receipt Data-recovery features

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VPNs (cont’d.) • PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) – Microsoft • Encryption, authentication, access services – Dial directly into RRAS access server – Dial into ISP’s remote access server first • L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) – Cisco • Connects VPN using equipment mix • Connect two routers • Tunnel endpoints not on same packet-...

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Gateway – Combinations of networking hardware and software • Connecting two dissimilar networks – Connect two systems using different formatting, communications protocols, architecture – Repackages information – Reside on servers, microcomputers, connectivity devices, mainframes • Popular gateways – E-mail gateway, Internet gateway, LAN ga...

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Best Practices for Cable Installation and Management • Choosing correct cabling – Follow manufacturers’ installation guidelines – Follow TIA/EIA standards • Network problems – Often traced to poor cable installation techniques • Installation tips to prevent Physical layer failures

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Facilitates newsgroup messages exchange – Between multiple servers, users • Similar to e-mail – Provides means of conveying messages • Differs from e-mail – Distributes messages to wide group of users at once • User subscribes to newsgroup server host • News servers – Central collection, distribution point for newsgroup messages

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IEEE 802.3af standard – Supplying electrical power over Ethernet connections • Two device types – PSE (power sourcing equipment) – PDs (powered devices) • Requires Cat 5 or better copper cable • Connectivity devices must support PoE • Compatible with current 802.3 installations

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Token ring – Developed by IBM – Relies upon direct links between nodes and ring topology – Nearly obsolete – Defined by IEEE 802.5 standard • Ethernet frames and token ring frames differ – Will not interact with each other – Devices cannot support more than one frame type per physical interface or NIC

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Provide varying benefits – Connect with people having similar interests – New learning opportunities – Specialized information access – Tangible assets (free goods) – Publications – Technical workshops and conferences – Free software, prerelease software – Expensive hardware lab access

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