Tài liệu ôn tập thi tuyển sinh môn: tiếng anh

you.” a. with b. from c. too d. as 58. This notice board _____ current information about university events. a. displaying b. has display of c. is displayed d. displays 59. Wash the glasses carefully _____ don’t break. a. so that they b. that they c. since they d. that 60. The bleeding should stop when _____ to the wound. a. pressure is applying b. pressure applies c. pressure is applied d. it is applied pressure 61. _____ saving his money, John managed to pay for a new car. a. For b. By c. With d. Of 62. I dislike Larry because he uses such _____ language. a. offended b. offensive c. offend d. offender 63. “Which kitten do you want?” “I want _____ with the white spot.” a. the one b. one c. a kitten d. one that 64. It’s _____ smoking is unhealthy; it’s also really expensive. a. not just that b. just not c. just not that d. not just 65. Caution: this medicine can _____ drowsy. a. make you to be b. make to be c. make you d. make 66. Though I ate all I could, _____ I wanted more. a. though b. still c. since d. while 67. In many countries teachers are not very well _____. a. pay b. paid c. paying d. to pay 68. “Did my book help you with your report?” “Yes. Thanks _____ it to me.” a. to show b. for showing c. in showing d. of showing 69. “I heard John quit because he had an argument with the boss.” “Actually, it was for medical reasons that _____ the company.” a. left b. his leaving c. he left d. he leaves 70. I think Mike _____ than me. a. is five years older b. has five years more c. has five years older d. is five years old 71. Is that the guy _____ about the free tickets? a. he told you b. who he told you c. who told you d. that who told 72. Doctors say _____ for kids to play outside. a. it is good b. is good c. there is good d. that is good 73. Be sure _____ Bob about the meeting next Tuesday. a. you ask b. asking c. you to ask d. ask 74. That theory was suggested 300 years ago, but not proven _____ recently. a. before b. yet c. still d. until 75. If these books _____ by 5:00 p.m. Friday, they will be thrown out. a. do not claim b. are not claimed c. will not claim d. are not claiming 76. Children can be very cruel _____ that age. a. in b. on c. at d. of 77. Most people want a job that is _____ to them. a. attracted b. attractive c. attracting d. attraction 78. There is no _____ to make a copy of the report just for me. a. needing b. need you c. need for d. need 79. We had _____ the waiter finally took our orders. a. waiting half an hour while b. been waiting half an hour when c. waited half an hour for d. waited since half an hour then 80. John acted _____ he wanted us to leave. a. as b. as when c. that d. as if 81. You shouldn’t smoke. It’s a _____. a. habit harmful for your health b. harmful for your health habit c. for your health harmful habit d. for your harmful health habit 82. My parents taught me the importance _____ the truth. a. to tell b. of telling c. of told d. tell 83. Some people think the school day should be longer, but _____, I think it’s long enough. a. being as a student b. as far as a student c. student as I am d. as a student 84. “Did you finally meet Nancy’s mother?” “Yes, she was nicer _____ I expected her to be.” a. as b. than c. that d. from 85. _____ you decide to do, just make sure you’re here by 6 o’clock. a. However b. How c. Whatever d. What 86. _____ made the mess in the kitchen, please clean it up now! a. Whoever b. Anybody c. The person d. Who 87. When you _____, we can leave. a. finish eating b. finish to eat c. finishing eating d. finishing to eat 88. The registration office is closed for the day _____ illness.a. for b. From c. due to d. because 89. In the country’s budget, 25 cents out of _____ dollar is spent on national defense. a. all b. most c. some d. every 90. “I need tickets to the football game.” “They _____ at the sports arena.” a. purchased b. can purchase c. are to purchase d. can be purchased 91. I saw your advertisement for a secretarial job and wonder _____ still available. a. if is it b. if it is c. if it d. it is 92. There’s _____ number of international students at our university. a. a grown b. the grown c. a growing d. the growing 93. You students are too noisy. I’d like _____ quiet. a. to be all of you b. being you all c. all of you to be d. to all of you be 94. Professor Swales _____ an expert on tropical butterflies. a. is said b. said to be c. said d. is said to be 95. “Will this desk fit in your room?” “_____, I don’t know.” a. Without measure b. Without measuring c. Not measuring d. Not to measure 96. “The mechanic said they can’t look at my car until tomorrow.” “Well, why _____ done today?” a. can’t it be b. can’t be c. it can’t be d. can’t it 97. Not only _____ responsible for hiring staff, but the other managers are too. a. John does b. does John c. is John d. John 98. Remember to turn off this light if you’re the last one _____. a. having left b. would leave c. to leave d. has left 99. Before you can take Calculus II, you need Calculus I. _____, you need permission from the instructor. a. Addition to b. In addition to c. Addition d. In addition 100. They shared their food _____ each other. a. to b. with c. for d. by VOCABULARY 101. John didn’t know how to _____ the problem. a. unfold b. handle c. hold d. break 102. Henry was seriously _____ in a car accident. a. adjusted b. operated c. injured d. insured 103. I really like working with Kim. She always _____ me when I’m having a bad day. a. identifies b. recommends c. disappoints d. encourages 104. It’s cold in my bedroom. May I have another _____ ? a. carpet b. cushion c. towel d. blanket 105. Be sure to take enough money for all your travel _____ . a. expenses b. prices c. dues d. amounts 106. I’d like these flowers _____ to this address this afternoon. a. located b. arranged c. supplied d. delivered 107. He always changes recipes because he’s a very _____ cook. a. approximate b. creative c. characteristic d. illustrated 108. John didn’t sleep well last night, so he’s in a bad _____ today. a. focus b. mood c. expression d. reflection 109. I worked fifteen hours today. I’m _____ . a. worn out b. tied up c. shut off d. hung up 110. My flight yesterday was _____ for six hours. a. denied b. cancelled c. limited d. delayed 111. In my _____ , he’s the best teacher we’ve ever had. a. attitude b. preference c. opinion d. sight 112. He went to jail because he _____ some jewelry. a. stole b. robbed c. mistook d. subtracted 113. She always reads the magazines with the _____ fashions in them. a. deliberate b. generous c. occasional d. latest 114. The mechanic _____ that he fixed my car, but it still doesn’t work. a. managed b. claimed c. doubted d. resisted 115. If you need more paper, go to room 312. We use that room for _____ . a. expansion b. remains c. storage d. sources 116. They wanted to buy concert tickets, so they _____ at the office. a. inquired b. expressed c. questioned d. accepted 117. He sold his old radio for ten dollars, but it really is _____ much more. a. possible b. assured c. certain d. worth 118. What _____ of blue jeans is most popular in your country? a. stamp b. emblem c. mark d. brand 119. Susan wouldn’t take sides in the argument. She remained _____ . a. widespread b. neutral c. proportional d. accurate 120. Because of his actions, the president _____ a great deal of criticism. a. accomplished b. measured c. received d. expressed 121. Thomas Edison _____ the light bulb. a. invented b. invited c. discovered d. accomplished 122. John _____ a lot of his money to organizations that help the poor. a. donates b. spends c. invests d. charges 123. I didn’t read the whole report, only _____ of it. a. a handful b. an amount c. a portion d. a variety 124. _____ exercise every day is good for your heart. a. Contrary b. Weekly c. Vigorous d. Temporary 125. I don’t think it’s morally _____ to kill any animals. a. true b. right c. real d. accurate 126. Mark is always late. He can’t _____ his time very well. a. order b. budget c. guide d. save 127. They were _____ because of the cold. a. detailed b. suffering c. narrowed d. admitting 128. He didn’t do it, but Gary was _____ for breaking the window. a. blamed b. denied c. complained d. ordered 129. We just heard the news that the President has _____ war. a. declared b. expressed c. exclaimed d. adopted 130. He looked very busy. He had papers _____ out all over his desk. a. wrapped b. spread c. crossed d. lined 131. The government should _____ some new laws to protect the fishing industry. a. do b. cast c. pass d. elect 132. Those dark storm clouds look very _____ . a. struggling b. elemental c. gathered d. threatening 133. The boss _____ that we come to work on time. a. remained b. informed c. insisted d. recovered 134. I took the bus because it was _____ to get a taxi. a. impossible b. unfortunate c. suitable d. effective 135. I was _____ that I found my keys. a. released b. relieved c. reserved d. sustained 136. My father is getting old, so I am concerned about his _____ . a. justice b. instance c. welfare d. magnitude 137. I don’t understand our teacher’s grading system. She does not have clear _____ . a. factors b. versions c. resources d. standards 138. The noise outside _____ John from sleeping. a. prevented b. demanded c. opposed d. removed 139. Glenn entered a _____ and won a computer. a. trial b. resource c. contest d. sequence 140. She didn’t know exactly, but she gave us a good _____ of how many people will be there. a. definition b. estimate c. summary d. selection 141. Dogs are not _____ to come into this building. a. approached b. supported c. permitted d. admitted 142. Keep this secret. Do not _____ it to anyone. a. reduce b. involve c. devote d. reveal 143. Ron’s only _____ is to make money. a. product b. end c. gain d. goal 144. That company puts chemicals in the river. They’re ruining the water _____ . a. type b. style c. expression d. quality 145. Have you seen this book? It’s so beautifully _____ . The pictures are really nicely done. a. represented b. accompanied c. illustrated d. revealed 146. The two cars have very different prices, but their quality is _____ . a. accurate b. required c. defined d. comparable 147. We had _____ to go to the beach, but since it rained, we went to a movie instead. a. intended b. reminded c. pretended d. referred 148. I don’t like to eat green bananas. I prefer to wait until they are _____ . a. done b. ripe c. raw d. warm 149. Amanda _____ her teacher with her knowledge of the lesson. a. convinced b. achieved c. impressed d. regarded 150. I was surprised by how long it _____ to get my car fixed. a. took b. lasted c. spent d. passed Match the word on the left with its definition on the right 1)yell 2) strain 3) maneuver 4) drift 5) flip 6) weld 7) appeal 8)conglomerate 9) log 10) hierarchy 11) affiliation A)separate liquid food from solid food, especially by pouring it through a utensil with small holes in it B) try to make someone act in a particular way C) join metals together by pressure or by melting them when they are hot D) Turn quickly E) request especially to a court of law to change a previous decision F) shout something or make a loud noise, usually when you are angry, in pain or excited G) officially record something H) a company that owns several smaller businesses whose products or services are usually very different I) a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance J) move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction. M) a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger organization 1-F; 2-A; 3-B; 4-J; 5-D; 6-C; 7-E; 8-H; 9-G; 10-I; 11-M READING COMPREHENSION The Amish, a religious group in the United States, have wedding traditions that are different from the ones of other North Americans. When an Amish man asks a woman to marry him he does not give her a diamond ring. Instead, he may offer her a clock or a set of china dishes. After she accepts his offer, the bride begins to sew her own wedding dress. It is usually blue or purple, rather than white, and is always plain. The bride will not use this dress only once, but for the rest of her life as her Sunday church outfit. All couples get married in late fall, after the harvest and before the severe winter weather has arrived. The wedding is announced in church just a few days before the actual ceremony, and all members of the congregation are invited to the home of the bride’s parents for the festivities. A typical wedding day begins very early. By 8:30 a.m. the daily farm chores have already been done and the guests have arrived for the three-hour long ceremony. The rest of the afternoon and evening is spent eating, visiting, and playing games. The next day the bride and groom have to get up early to clean the house. It is not until spring that they move to a house of their own. 151. Where does the wedding ceremony take place? a. bride’s parents’ house b. church c. groom’s parents’ house d. bride and groom’s new home 152. When are the wedding guests notified about the upcoming event? a. in the spring b. before the harvest c. the Sunday preceding the ceremony d. when the bride accepts 153. Where does the couple live until spring? a. the church b. a temporary house of their own c. the groom’s parents’ house d. the bride’s parents’ house 154. What time of year does the wedding ceremony take place? a. spring b. summer c. fall d. winter 155. What might the Amish groom give the bride as a proposal gift? a. Sunday church outfit b. dishes c. ring d. house 156. What do most North American men give as an engagement gift? a. clock b. dishes c. ring d. clothing EATINGAROUND TOWN Œ Le Snack $-$$ Corner of 5th & Liberty Sts. (665-2114 after 3pm) Summers only. Hours: M-F 11am-3pm, Sat. noon-4pm (all hours weather dependent). Take out only. Cash only. A street vendor’s hot dog cart that also has gourmet specials, such as roast duck and lobster bisque. Specials change every day, and can be ordered in advance.  Melanie's Café & Bar $$-$$$ 303 Detroit St. (665-0700) Hours: M-Th 11am-11pm, F 11am-midnight, Sat 10am-2am, Sun 10am-10pm. All major credit cards accepted. Handicapped accessible. Reservations accepted for large groups only. Contemporary American cooking in a casual but sophisticated setting. Daily vegetarian specials. Contemporary décor to match the cuisine. 25 wines by the glass and 35 microbrews and imported beers. Summer outdoor seating; smoking on the terrace only. Ž Downtown Café $ 1110 S. State St. (761-8600) Hours: M-F 7:30am-3am, Sat-Sun 8:30am-3am. Cash only. More than just your average coffee shop, with salads, fresh juices, home-made soups, and vegetarian and other sandwiches. Wide selection of desserts. Smoking section available upstairs. Breakfast served all day. Key to Credit Cards AmEx American Express DC Diner’s Club Disc Discover Card MC MasterCard V Visa  Greener Pastures $$ 314 E. Liberty (662-1111) Hours: M-Th 11am-9pm, F 11am-10pm, Sat 10am-10pm, Sun 10am-9pm. No reservations. V & MC only. Fresh imaginative vegetarian cuisine, featuring an unusual homemade menu, with daily specials. Liquor and beer served. Raw juice bar. No smoking. Take-out & Delivery available with $15 minimum and 15% gratuity charge on all orders.  Grand Central $$$$ 401 Depot St. (769-0592) Hours: M-Th 11:30am-10pm, F-Sat 11:30am-11pm, Sun. brunch 10:30am-2pm; dinner 3:30pm-9-pm. Reservations for brunch required, recommended for other meals. All major credit cards accepted. Offers fresh seafood, homemade pasta, and steaks served in the remodeled 109 year-old Grand Central Railroad Station. Liquor served. Men must wear jacket & tie. Rooms available for special events featuring fixed price menu including drinks, hors-d'oeuvres, entrée, and dessert. Key to Prices (per person for a complete meal) $ inexpensive (under $10) $$ moderate ($10-20) $$$ moderately expensive ($20-30) $$$$ very expensive (over $30) 157. You and your co-workers are hungry at lunchtime, but don’t have time to go out. Which restaurant will bring food to your office? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 158. You want to have a small party for your grandparents’ 50th wedding anniversary. Which place could give you a private room for your party? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 159. You are with a mixed group of people. Some are vegetarian and some want meat. Some also want to drink beer with their meal. What would be the best place for your group? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 160. Where can you get breakfast at 3:00 pm? a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 161. Which restaurant is located in an historical building? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5 162. It is summer and you want to eat outside. Which restaurant advertises that it has tables outside? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5 163. You want to pick up food to go on a picnic. According to the guide, which places would let you do this? a. 1 & 2 b. 1 & 4 c. 2 & 4 d. 3 & 4 164. It’s close to midnight on Saturday. You have just come from the theatre and now you’re hungry. Where can you go to eat? a. 1 & 2 b. 1 & 3 c. 2 & 3 d. 2 & 5 165. You and your father want to play tennis and then go to lunch, but you can’t wear your tennis clothes at one of the restaurants. Which one? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 166. It is a rainy afternoon. You would like to take your grandmother out to eat. She is in a wheelchair. Where would be the best place to go? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 5 167. According to the guide, which places serve alcohol? a. 1, 2, 3 b. 2, 3, 5 c. 2, 4, 5 d. 3, 4, 5 168. You want to spend less than ten dollars for a meal. Where can you go? a. 1 & 3 b. 1 & 4 c. 3 & 4 d. only 3 Oregon Caves National Park Come to Oregon Caves National Park, located in the Kalamath Mountains of southwest Oregon! We have warm, sunny summers with cool night temperatures. This makes it ideal for picnicking and exciting outdoor activities. The Park includes a pine forest with many hiking trails which are used in the winter by cross-country skiers. The Big Tree Trail takes you deep into the woods on an overnight back-country hike. The Nature Trail is a ¾ mile loop that provides beautiful vistas near the cliff area. The most popular attraction of the monument is found underground, in marble caverns which stretch for three miles. These were created thousands of years ago. The caverns have one of the largest collections of cave-dwelling insects in the United States. Recently, jaguar and grizzly bear fossils were found in some of the deeper chambers. Scratch marks made by bears on a dried mud wall in one of the caves are thought to date to the last Ice Age between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago. Preparing for the Tour The cave temperature remains constant at 41o F (5o C), so warm clothing is recommended. You should also wear good walking shoes, because the trail surface is uneven and slippery. You can bring a camera, but tripods are not allowed. Flashlights are permitted, but are not really necessary. To go on cave tours, young children must be at least 42 inches (106 cm) tall. Children may not be carried through the cave. Childcare services are not available. Food, Lodging and Camping Facilities The Chateau, a 22-room hotel (closed December - February) provides lodging facilities in the Park. The hotel includes a coffee shop and dining room. A rustic campground with 30 tent sites is located within a short distance. The campground has no running water or electricity. Spring Open Tour times March 1 – April 30 10 am – 4 pm 10:00, 11:30, 1:00, 2:30, 4:00 May 1 – May 31 10 am – 4 pm On the hour; last tour 4:00 Summer June 1 – Aug 31 9 am – 7 pm On the hour and half hour; last tour 7:00 Fall Sept 1 – Sept 30 9 am – 7 pm On the hour; last tour 7:00 Oct 1 – Nov 30 10 am – 4 pm 10:00, 11:30, 1:00, 2:30, 4;00 Winter Closed ----- Special Needs The cave tour is quite strenuous, and is not recommended for people with heart, breathing or walking difficulties. Because the elevation of the cave is about 4,000 feet, high carbon dioxide levels can make breathing difficult. The tour route rises 200 feet (60 m) through the caves, and there are over 500 stairs to climb. Only the first cave room of the caverns is wheelchair accessible. Times of Tours During the summer, most visitors arrive at the caves around 11:00 am, causing cave tours to fill up quickly. If you arrive at around 11:00 am, expect crowded conditions, few parking spaces, and long waits for tours. You should allow three hours for a cave visit during peak season, one hour for the tour and up to two hours waiting time. Groups of 10 or more must register at least 2 weeks in advance. Fees Adults $ 8.00 Children $ 5.00 (under 12 years ) Seniors $ 7.00 (with Golden Age Passport) Registration Form Name : …………………………………. Address : ………………………………. ………………………………………….. No in group: ……………… Date / Time : ………………………….. Mail to : Oregon Caves National Park P.O. Box 1378 Cave Junction, OR 97523 169. What does the brochure say about the temperature in the caves?a. It's always cool. b. It's always warm.c. It's warm in the summer and cool in the winter. d. It's warm in the daytime and cool at night. 170. Which of these months has the greatest number of cave tours per day?a. April b. May c. July d. September 171. Who made the scratch marks on the cave wall?a. bears b. jaguars c. tourists d. tour guides 172. Your family includes a one-year old child. You want to take a cave tour. What should you plan to do?a. pay $ 5.00 for a ticket for the child b. arrange to leave the child with a family memberc. arrange for someone to carry the child d. send in the Group Registration Form 173. According to the brochure, what animals might you see living in the caves?a. bears b. jaguars c. insects d. bats If you could spend only one day at the Park, which of the following would be impossible to do?a. explore the caves b. enjoy the scenery by the cliffc. hike the Nature Trail d. hike the Big Tree Trail 175. You must send in the Registration Form if you want to . . .a. stay at The Chateau. b. take babies on a cave tour.c. take 12 family members on a cave tour.d. take a cave tour in the summer with your brother. 176. It is summer. You want to explore the caves, but have only two hours. What should you do?a. Arrive at 11 am. b. Arrive early in the morning.c. Take the shorter tour. d. Park near the cave entrance. 177. What would a person in a wheelchair be able to do on the cave tour?a. explore the first room of the cavesb. see the jaguar and grizzly bear fossilsc. complete the cave tour except for the 500 stepsd. nothing, because the caves are not wheelchair accessible 178. If you wanted to take a cave tour at 3:30, when should you visit the park?a. March 1 – April 30 b. May 1 – May 31 c. June 1 – Aug 31 d. Oct 1 – Nov 30 179. Which of the following could you do all year around in the Park?a. study cave-dwelling insects b. spend the weekend at The Chateauc. explore the caves d. go hiking 180. How long does it take to complete a cave tour?a. 30 minutes b. 60 minutes c. 90 minutes d. 2 hours WRITING: Your writing will be graded on how clearly you express your ideas. You must write on the two topics. Use the appropriate format for a letter and essay. Do not waste time re-copying your letter or essay to improve its appearance. Use your own words as much as possible. Do not copy a lot from the newspaper article. þ City Times Newspaper to Sponsor Exchange Program The City Times is sponsoring a Millennium Exchange Program. The City Times will send a group of people to the United States for a three- week cultural exchange program. We need our readers’ help to find the right people for this exchange program. They can be of any age. Send your nominations to the Editor. A. Letter: Write a letter to the Editor of the City Times. Name one person you think should go on the Millennium Exchange Program. Describe the person, and tell why you think this person should go. You may nominate yourself or someone else you know. B. Essay: Many people enjoy traveling in a foreign country, but others do not. What kind of person would not enjoy or benefit from foreign travel? Describe such a person. Be specific. PRACTICE 3 Complete the following sentences using suitable words or phrases from the box below. managing director junior executive Colleague Director Supervisor Staff senior executive Superior Employee middle manager Subordinate work-force 1 The group of executives working below the top managers are generally called ......... 2 Valerie is an important person in our company. She is a member of the Board of .. 3 Peter, a recent university graduate, has been with the firm for a year. He is at present a ......... and is being trained for a managerial position. 4 Their ................... is expanding rapidly. They now have over 5,000 employees. 5 At least 50% of our .............. have been with the company over ten years. 6 ........... in an organisation generally have more fringe benefits than lower-level managers. 7 We are a small group in the Research and Development Department. Fortunately, I get on well with all my ......................... 8 Our telephone operators work under the direction of a ................ 9 I work under Mr Brown. He's my ...................... 10 Sheila and Tom work under my authority. I am their boss and they are my ............ 11 I am responsible for .............. training and development. 12 A ................. is a person of high rank in an organisation, usually next in importance to the Chairman. 1 middle managers 2 Directors 3 junior executive 4 work-force 5 staff/employees 6 Senior executives/Middle managers 7 colleagues 8 supervisor 9 superior 10 subordinates 11 staff 12 managing director Phrasal verbs and compound nouns with set set up (line 19) set in (line 88) A Match the following verbs and nouns with the correct definitions. 1 set up (v.) a keep for a special purpose 2 set-up (n.) b establish a business or organisation 3 set back (v.) c something that slows or impedes progress 4 set-back (n.) d an organisation or arrangement 5 set about (v.) e start to do, or deal with, something 6 set in (v.) f put back or delay the development of something 7 set out (v.) g Begin an undertaking of some kind, e.g. a journey 8 set against (v.) h start and probably continue 9 set aside (v.) i balance against 10 set down (v.) j write, make a record of 1-b 2-d 3-f 4-c 5-e 6-h 7-g 8-i 9-a 10-j B Complete the following sentences, using suitable verbs and nouns from the list above. 1 When the Managing Director set out to change the management structure, no one thought he had a chance of succeeding. 2 The strike of our shop floor workers ..................... production at least three months. 3 It looks as if a recession is about to ......................No one seems to have any money at the moment.. 4 The new Marketing Manager doesn't understand the ..................... of our department yet. 5 It is a common practice of companies to ................... certain business losses ..................... taxes. 6 One of our competitors has ................ a distribution network covering the whole country. How annoying! 7 How on earth are we going to ..................... reducing our costs? 8 Most eompanies ..................... a part of their profits, for future investment. The money is kept in their reserves. 9 We had a big .................. last year when our warehouse caught fire and our stock was destroyed. 10 If an employee has an accident at work, he or she has to .................. what happened in a report. 1 set out 2 set back 3 set in 4 set-up 5 set, against 6 set up 7 set about 8 set aside 9 set-back 10 set down Word building Complete the following sentences with the correct form of tne words in italics. 1 rely 1 He is a very .reliable..... worker. 2 I am .................... informed that he'll be promoted soon. 3 Her main quahty is her ...................... 4 My assistant is someone who can be .'.................... on. 2 criticise 1 The report has been received very ..................... by top management. 2 The Personnel Director is an outspoken ..................... of our reorganisation. 3 I thought her ..................... were unfair and nci based on fact. 3 skill 1 The Chairman was .................... at avoiding answering awkward questions. 2 The .................... workers in the Production Department are well paid. 3 To be a good manager, you need many ..................... 4 The .................... workers in our company are the lowest paid beci use they need no training for their jobs. 4 employ 1 Most ..................... in an organisanon can benefit from training. 2 ..................... is almost 8% in my country - that's far too high. 3 The .................... are entitled to various social security payments. 4 He's fairly old and hasn't had a job for years I'd say he's virtually ...................... 5 sure 1 Performance appraisals help to ....... that promising staff are not overnoked for promotion 2 At my interview, my boss ..................... me that I had a bright future in the company 3 .................... you agree she's one of the high fliers in the department. 6 able 1 This young trainee has considerable....................... 2 Due to our .................... 'o get certain supplies, we lost the order. 3 Because of a production hold-up, we are ..................... to provide the product. 4 In my work. I am ..................... assisted by my secretary. 7 decision 1 Being a currency dealer in a bank, she has to make quick decisions and be very ........ at all times 2 Because we were ...................... we wasted time and lost the contract 3 I am still ..................... whether to leave my present job but I must make up my mind soon 1/ 2 reliably 3 reliability 4 relied 2/ 1 critically 2 critic 3 criticisms 3/ 1 skilful 2 skilled 3 skills 4 unskilled 4/ 1 employees 2 Unemployment 3 unemployed 4 unemployable 5/ 1 ensure 2 assured 3 Surely 6/ 1 ability 2 inability 3 unable 4 ably 7/ 1 decisive 2 indecisive 3 undecided PRACTICE 4: WRITING (1) Read the following invitation from the German Chamber of Commerce and the reply to it, and then choose the best words from the options in brackets. Dear Mr Boldt, We would like to invite you to our annual dinner on 15 February and wondered if you would consider being one of our guest speakers. The theme we are promoting this year is the Single European Currency, and we would like a contribution from your field of manufacturing how this would affect you and your colleagues' enterprises. Please let us know as soon as possible if you are able to attend. Enclosed you will find a formal invitation for yourself and a guest. Yours sincerely, Peter Hoffman Chairman SAMPLE ANSWER Dear Mr Hoffman, Thank you for your letter and invitation of 13 January inviting Mr Boldt to your annual dinner. He will be pleased to attend and speak about the effects that parity of currencies will have on the costs of raw materials for our industry. He expects the talk to last about half an hour. I will send you a transcript next week, and Mr Boldt would 14(enjoy, greet, welcome) any comments or suggestions you care to make. He looks forward to seeing you on February 15 at the function. Yours sincerely, Barbara Schroeder (Mrs) p.p. Gunther Boldt Chairman (2) Desmond Taylor, Sales Director of Data Unlimited PLC, is organizing a sales conference for forty sales representatives to attend a two-day presentation by two advertisers who are promoting a new line of products. As Mr Taylor, write a letter to the Conference Centre based on the following information: • Your address: Data Unlimited PLC, Data House, Chertsey Road, Twickenham, Middlesex TW1 1EP. • Conference Centre: The Royal Hotel, Owls Road, Boscombe BH51 AD. • The hotel was recommended by associates and you want a conference room for forty reps for a two-day presentation. • Dates of conference: 8 and 9 December 19—. You will need conference room and facilities from 09.00 to 18.00 on both days. • Requirements: full seating, presentation platform, dais, public address system, screen for slides, full video equipment and facilities for recording. You will supply your own display materials. • Refreshments: coffee/biscuits at 11.00, four-course meal in restaurant with table wine, tea/snacks at 16.00. • Finish by asking for confirmation that the centre will be available. Sender: Data Unlimited PLC, Data House, Chertsey Road, Twickenham, Middx. TW1 1EP Date; 17 May 19— Receiver: Reservations, The Royal Hotel, Owls Road, Boscombe BH5 1AD Dear Sir/Madam We are holding a conference in Boscombe this year, and your hotel was recommended to us by our associates. We should like to reserve accommodation and conference facilities for forty sales representatives, who will be attending a two-day presentation by advertisers. The conference is scheduled to take place on the 8 and 9 December of this year, and we would require a conference room and facilities from 09.00 to 18.00 on both days. We would need the following facilities: full seating, presentation platform, dais, public address system, screen for slides, full video equipment, and recording facilities. We will supply our own visual display materials. We should like coffee and biscuits to be served at 11.00, a four-course lunch in the restaurant including table wine, and tea and snacks to be served at 16.00. Please provide confirmation of our booking as soon as possible. Yours faithfully Desmond Taylor Sales Director (3) Two sales representatives have made a last-minute booking, but the Royal Hotel is already fully booked. Write a letter from Mr Taylor to another hotel nearby, requesting accommodation. The address is the Old Parsonage Hotel, 18 Forest Road, Boscombe BH6 1 DA. The hotel was recommended by colleagues who stayed there last year. Two of your representatives, Mr Charles Bickford and Mrs Clare Ramal, will be coming to Boscombe and staying from 7 to 10 December inclusive. Ask for two single rooms with en suite facilities and half board. Ask the hotel to arrange the hire of a medium-sized car for this period, as the representatives will need to get to the office and the conference centre. Say that if they telex or fax you confirming the booking, you will immediately forward the necessary deposit to secure it. Sender: Data Unlimited PLC, Data House, Chertsey Road, Twickenham, Middx. TW1 1 EP Date; 18 November 19— Receiver: The Old Parsonage Hotel, 18 Forest Road, Boscombe BH6 1DA Dear Sir/Madam Your hotel was recommended to me by three of my colleagues, who stayed there last year. I should like to book accommodation for two of our sales representatives, Mr Charles Bickford and Mrs Clare Ramal, for three nights, from 7 to 10 December. My colleagues require half board accommodation in two single rooms with en suite facilities. Would it also be possible for you to arrange car hire for this period, to enable the representatives to reach the office and the conference centre at the Royal Hotel. A medium-sized car would be adequate. Please confirm the booking, either by telex or fax, and I will forward the necessary deposit to secure it. Yours faithfully Desmond Taylor ANSWER For this university course an essay is completed in six stages. The first stage is a private tutorial in which the task and topic are fully discussed with the tutor. A reading list should be obtained, detailing useful resource material. The second stage involves conducting suitable research. Notes are taken from available literature at the library, and data collected from questionnaires, interviews and surveys. Writing the first draft is the third stage. First, it is necessary to organize the content of the essay, and produce a brief outline. Next, the draft is written in the acceptable formal academic style, and checked for appropriate language. Stage number four is another tutorial or study group discussion, during which problem areas are analyzed, and further ideas and suggestions are noted. The fifth stage includes reading the resource material again, before writing a second draft using suggestions from stage four. Once completed, all quotations should be checked for errors. The sixth stage consists of writing the final draft of the essay. A spell check is required, before adding a title page and compiling a bibliography. The essay should then be submitted before the deadline for completion. (192 words) TASK 2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Business should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. ANSWER After I get my degree, I plan to start a business. My goal is to make money, a lot of money. However, I can’t forget that there are more important things in life than earning a profit. I must consider the people I work with, the customers I serve, and the community I live in. My colleagues are a very important part of my business. Without them, I would not have a business. I depend on them to help me carry on the day-to-day operations. I depend on them for their advice on what to sell and how to sell it. I must compensate them for their work. I can’t take large profits without sharing with the people who make it possible. Similarly I would not have a business without my customers. I can never forget that they could take their business elsewhere. I must give them good value for their money. I can’t overcharge them. I must also remember that money is as important to them as it is to me. I want my customers to trust me and keep coming back. My employees and I all live in the same community as our customers. We can’t ignore it. We must play an active part in it. I feel it is important that some of the profits my business earns from the community be returned to the community. We need to support community programs like summer jobs for high school students, campaigns to clean up the parks, and efforts to make the shopping area more attractive. A business must make profits but we all- workers, customers, community- must profit from a successful business. TOPIC: What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important. ANSWER Even though job situations can be very different, there are several qualities that all good supervisors have in common. A good boss treats all her employees fairly. She doesn’t single out one employee for better (or worse) treatment than the others. A poor supervisor has favorites. Sometimes she’ll even use her favorites to spy on other employees. She expects them to tell her what the others are saying about her. This can cause a lot of bad feelings among employees. A good supervisor gives clear and understandable directions. She doesn’t constantly change her mind about what she wants employees to do. She also doesn’t get angry with an employee who is confused and needs her to explain the directions again or more fully. Delegating authority well is another quality of a good supervisor. She knows how to use the skills of her employees to best advantage. A poor supervisor insists on doing everything herself. She is unwilling to give any authority to others. A good boss evaluates her employees on a reasonable set of criteria, not on how she feels about them personally. And she lets the employees know what those criteria are, so they have a fair chance of meeting them. She gives both praise and criticism in a straightforward manner. She also offers guidance when needed. A poor supervisor will criticize without giving any suggestions on how to improve. Most importantly, a good supervisor sets the standards for her employees by her own behavior. She works hard and treats employees like valuable assets to the company. This promotes good morale among her workers, and this is of great benefit to her business./. TOPIC 4: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Business should do anything they can to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position. ANSWER After I get my degree, I plan to start a business. My goal is to make money, a lot of money. However, I can’t forget that there are more important things in life than earning a profit. I must consider the people I work with, the customers I serve, and the community I live in. My colleagues are a very important part of my business. Without them, I would not have a business. I depend on them to help me carry on the day-to-day operations. I depend on them for their advice on what to sell and how to sell it. I must compensate them for their work. I can’t take large profits without sharing with the people who make it possible. Similarly I would not have a business without my customers. I can never forget that they could take their business elsewhere. I must give them good value for their money. I can’t overcharge them. I must also remember that money is as important to them as it is to me. I want my customers to trust me and keep coming back. My employees and I all live in the same community as our customers. We can’t ignore it. We must play an active part in it. I feel it is important that some of the profits my business earns from the community be returned to the community. We need to support community programs like summer jobs for high school students, campaigns to clean up the parks, and efforts to make the shopping area more attractive. A business must make profits but we all- workers, customers, community- must profit from a successful business. SAMPLE ANSWER The graphs give information about global birth rates and population size. They predict that the global population growth rate will begin to decrease towards the middle of this century and will eventually stabilize at approximately 11 billion. Since the mid 20th century, the world's population has risen dramatically, from 2 billion to 7 billion. However, we should soon begin to see a fall in the population growth rate that will become more marked as we move into the 22nd century. These changes are largely due to falling birth rates m developing countries. In l950, the average number of children per family in developing countries was 6.2. Between 1950 and the present day, the figure has fallen significantly to 3.3 and it is predicted to decrease further to 2.1 children per family in 2050. Birth rates have also fallen in developed countries over the past 50 years, from 2.8 children per family to 1.6. Projected figures for 2050 show a slight increase in the birth rate in these areas and predict, interestingly, the same birth rate for both developing and developed countries. The table shows two sets of related information: the relative cost, in pounds, of renting a property' with one, two or three bedrooms In three different suburbs of London and an indication of the kind of annual salary you would need to be earning to rent in those areas. Of the three areas mentioned, Notting Hill is the most expensive with weekly rents starting at £375 (salary approximately £100,000) and rising to £738 per week for a 3-bedroom property. To afford this, you would require a salary in the region of £200,000 per annum. Alternatively, Fulham is the cheapest area shown with rents ranging from £215 per week for u one bedroom property lo £600 per week for a 3 bedroom property. To rent in this area, salaries need to be somewhere between £85,000 and £170.000 depending on the number of bedrooms required. For those able to pay in the middle price range for accommodation. Regents Park might be a more suitable district. ANSWER The three graphs provide an overview of the types of music people purchase in the UK. At first glance we see that classical music is far less popular than pop or rock music. While slightly more women than men buy pop music, the rock market is dominated by men with 30% buying rock, compared to18% of women. From the first graph we see that interest in pop music is steady from age 16 to 44 with 20% of the population continuing to buy pop CDs after the age of 45. The interest in rock music reaches its peak among the 25 to 34 year olds, though it never sells as well as pop. Interest also drops off after the age of 35 with an even sharper fall from age 45 onwards, a pattern which is opposite to the classical music graph. There has been a big increase in imports. Mexico’s total imports of energy-based products reached the 2 billion-dollar mark in the year 200.0. In 1990, the figure was low at about 500 million. The graph gives figures for diesel, gasoline and natural gas. Imports of gasoline have grown. There has been some fluctuation. ln 2000 the expenditure had increased to approximately $1,250 million. Expertciiture on dieseI and gasoline has been imported since 1995. Five years later about $400 million was spent on this product. Natural gas is similar. The growth in expenditure has a slightly different pattern. GLOSSARIES 1) Against payment: Goods are delivered only when payment is made first 2) Agent (correspondent): Here, a bank or company which acts for you in a foreign country 3) Banker's Transfer : A movement or transfer of money from one bank account to another 4) Bill of Exchange (Draft) : A document which gives an order, from a company or individual to another company, individual or bank, to pay a sum of money (printed on the Bill) either immediately (a 'sight' draft) or on a fixed future date. 5) cancel (v.) To stop; to reverse (an order or a Letter of Credit) 6) carry out (v.) To follow; to obey 7) discount (n.) (a) A reduction in price to encourage debtors to pay quickly, or in cash (cash discounts) (b) A reduction in price for purchases of large quantities of goods, often offered by a wholesaler to a retailer 8) discount with a Bill of Exchange: to buy it for a sum less than its face value (e.g. the value printed on it). This sum depends on the rate of discount and the length of time the Bill has to go before maturity. 9) freight (n.) The charge for transporting goods by road, rail, sea and air 10) irrevocable: Which cannot be cancelled 11) retail: The stage in distribution where shops, supermarkets, etc. sell to consumers. 12) retail price: The price of a good in a shop stocks (n.) Goods kept in reserve in a store. 13) surrender (v.): To give; to deliver 14) valid (adj.): Legally right or adequate 15) Account: (n.) A continuous arrangement with a bank for keeping money, receiving cheques, and posting statements balance The difference between payments and receipts in a bank statement; how much a depositor has (or does not have) in his account beneficiary. The person named on an International Money Order, and other documents, who must be paid the sum written on the document commission charge A sum of money charged by a bank for handling cheques, International Money Orders, travellers cheques and so on counter The place in a bank, shop, etc. where business is transacted 16) Cover: (v.) Here, to include 17) debit :(v.) To reduce; a sum of money is deducted (debited) from a bank account 18) encash: To hand cash over the counter for travellers cheques, etc. 19) exchange control: The method and organisation for controlling the amount of a country's currency which can be sent, or taken abroad funds: Sums of money; a supply or source of money 20) identification:: A means of showing, or proving who you are (e.g. a passport) 21) invoice (n.) A document which gives a statement of a business transaction involving the sale of goods; it includes the quantity, the description, the price, the total price, discounts levy (v.) To charge prevailing. Here, the present or most common rate of exchange The amount of another currency that a unit of your own currency will buy. 22) Refund: To repay money subscription Money paid for membership of a club or trade union, or purchase of magazines, newspapers, etc. transaction A piece of business completed; a business deal 23. Documents against acceptance (D/A). This means that the buyer or his bank will accept responsibility for payment of the sum on the Bill of Exchange when the documents are surrendered. 24. Documents against payment (D/P). This means that payment must be made by the buyer or the buyer's bank when the documents are surrendered. 25. brochure A small booklet which gives details, colour, pictures, etc. of one product, or a range of products 26. bulk large quantity 27. catalogue A list giving descriptions and numbers of products 28. data processing The system and methods of keeping all information in a properly ordered form 29. file (n.) A collection of papers arranged for easy reference 30. model (n.) a type, an example 31. range A number of goods of basically the same type, with each good having modifications and minor differences 32. retrieval A system which enables one to find stored information 33. specification Precise instructions about size, weight, colour, etc. 34. storage To keep goods, information, files, in good order