Xây dựng và phát triển thị trường công nghệ trên địa bàn tỉnh Quảng Ninh - Trần Văn Minh

n n n n KINH NGHIEM THITC TIEN n n n n XAY DONG VA PHAT TRiiN THI T R I / O N G C O N G NGHf T R 6 N DIA BAN TINH QUANG NINH Tran Van Minh* I. Quang Ninh can c6 thi trirdng cdng nghe dong bo, da dang, nang dgng Qudng Ninh la mdt tinh cd nhilu tilm ^ ^ f nang ve cac ngudn lyc thien nhien, kinh te. Qudng Ninh Id tinh ciia go phia Ddng Bdc ciia Viet Nam, cd vi tri dia - chinh tri quan trgng. Id ciia md ciia cdc tinh phia Bdc thdng thuang vdi bien Ddng, vdi cdc nude Bdc A nhu Trung Qudc, Nhat Bdn, Hdn Qudc vd nhieu nude khde. Qudng Ninh cd vi tri quan r r trgng trong the tran an ninh - qudc phdng ciia ca nude. Tuy nhien, cho den nay Quang Ninh dang chi la tinh phat trien d miic kha so vdi cac tinh trong cd nude. Tinh dat ra muc tieu phan dau din nam 2020 cd ca cdu kmh te la: cdng nghifp - xdy dyng: 46,3%; dich vy: 49,7%; ndng - lam - thiiy san: 4,0%. D I hifn thyc 1 f f dugc myc tieu chuyen dich ca cdu kinh te tren day, Qudng Ninh cin thyc hifn mdt chuang trinh ddi mdi cdng nghf, md rdng vifc iing dyng cdng nghf tien tiln, hifn dai. Dinh hudng phdt triin cdc ngdnh kinh tl chii ylu ciia Tinh trong thdi gian din nam 2020 Id: Phdt triin manh cdc ngdnh kinh tl cd thi manh cua Tinh nhu cdng nghiep cbl biin, khai thdc khodng sdn, cdng nghiep sdn xuit vat lifu xay dyng, cdng nghifp ddng tdu, ca khi, cbl tao, cdng nghifp luyfn kim, cbl biin ndng sdn ' Trdn Vdn Minh, Gidm die sd Khoa hoc Cong nghf tinh Quang Ninh. thyc phim,...; Phdt triin manh du lich vd cdc nganh dich vu chat lugng cao; Phdt trien ndng •> f nghifp todn difn; Phat trien boat ddng kinh te ddi ngoai. Cac dinh hudng phat triin kinh te ndy hifn nay dang dugc dat tren co sd trinh do cdng nghe chua phat trien, chi dat miic tnmg binh so vdi cac nude trong khu vyc. De thyc hifn thdnh cdng cdc dinh hudng phat trien da de ra, con dudng diing dan nhat la phai nhanh chdng thyc hien ddi mdi cdng nghf, nhanh chdng bat kip trinh do cdng nghe ciia cac f nude tien tien trong khu vyc. Trong nhimg nam vira qua, khoa hoc vd cdng nghe (KH&CN) Qudng Ninh da cd budc phdt trien tuong ddi manh me vd da cd nhimg ddng gdp dang ghi nhan vao phdt trien kinh tl xa hdi (KT-XH) cua Tinh. Tuy nhien cho din nay, trinh do KH&CN Qudng Ninh cdn cd khoang cdch khd xa so vdi cdc thdnh phd ldn (Hd Ndi, TP Hd Chi Minh) vd khoang each nay dang ngdy cdng md rdng ra. So vdi cdc nude trong khu vyc, khodng each nay ciing la khd ldn. Qudng Ninh cimg da cd mdt sd thanh cdng trong vifc td chiic cdc Chg Cdng nghf vd r t f t Thiet bi (Techmart), td chiic mdt sd cudc trien lam thdnh tyu KH&CN, xay dyng Chg Cdng f nghf vd Thiet bi tren mang Intemet (Chg cdng nghf do). Nhung cho den nay, thi trudng cdng nghf Qudng Ninh chua dugc hinh thdnh thyc sy vd day dii. Thdng tin vl phdp luat, ca che, chinh sach cd lien quan den mua - bdn, chuyen giao cdng nghf khdng din dugc diy dii cho io 44(11+12/2011) QUANLY KINHTE Q VEMR KINH NGHllM THirc T I I N XAY DUNG VA PHAT TRIEN THI TRUONG CONG NGHE., cac doanli nghiep va cho nhOng ngudi cd nhu cau. Nhieu doanh nghifp chua cd thdng tin thudng xu\cn ve cdng nghe, chua quan tam den viec tim kiem va gidi thifu cdng nghf mdi. Hoat dgng trung gian mdi gidi cdng nghf trong Tinh chu yeu cho cac to chirc ho^t dgng tdng hgp thyc hifn. Cac td chiic trung gian mdi gidi cdng nghe cdn rat it, l^ i hoat dgng rieng re, tach rdi nliau, boat dgng khdng dong deu giira cac nganh. dia phuang trong Tinh. Hoat dgng tu \ an. giam djnh, tham djnh, djnh gia cdng nghe chi mdi bdt dau nen cdn 16 t6, rdi rac. Cac doanh nghifp vira vd nhd g$p nliieu khd khan ve vay von, vc tiep can thdng tin vd djch vy cdng nghf... Tinh hinh tren cho thiy, Qudng Ninh rit cin cd mgt thi trudng cdng nghf dugc to chiic chdt chg vd dbng bf. 2. Kiln ngh} mo hinh thf trirdng cdng nghf tinh Qudng Ninh Th| trudng cdng nghf (Judng Ninh can dugc xdy dyng d6ng bO, da dang vd ndng dgng. Tinh dong bO dugc thi hifn d sy Wnh thdnh vd boat d^ ng hdi hda gifla 4 thdnh to ca bdn ciia thi tmdng cdng nghf: Ngudi bdn cdng nghf; Ngudi mua cdng nghf; To chiic vifc mua - bdn, cht^ 'en giao cdng nghf thuan tifn, nhanh chdng; Cdc to chuc, thi cbl ho trg djch vy thi trudng cdng nghf. Stf do 1: Mo hinh thj tru'dng cong nghf Qu&ng Ninh M6i trudrng l<inh te xS hOi tinh Qu^ng Ninh UBND c^c cSp C^c So Ban Ng^nh Cichuyen, thi trSn C^c doin the Doanh nghiep Trang trai, nong trai He thong k^ thudt Nong dSn K^tcduthj ^ \ truing c6ng j ngh? J Trign lam hpi trg Chgr c6ng ngh?, thiet bj Chg chuyfin nginh Chg c6ng ngh$ io Trung tSm mua - bin c6ng nghf Sdn Giao djch, c6ng nghf Cdc CO quan R & D Cdc trudng D^i hgc Cdc Trung tim t^o cdng nghf Cic nh6m, ci nhin nhi khoa hgc Cic Trung tim chuydn giao cdng nghf Cic tinh b^n TCr nude ngodi Cic t6 churc vi ho^t dgng hS trg TTCN QN Djch vy h§ trg thj trudng Thi chi phip iuit, chfnh sich Tii chinh, v6n, quy Cic ca sd, t l chOrc uom tao QUAN LY KINH Tl sa'44 (11+12/2011) XAY DL/NG VA PHAT TRI^N THI. TRUONG CONG NGHE. KINH NGHllM THUC TllN VEMR Thi tmdng cdng nghf Quang Ninh dugc xay dyng theo md hinh boat dgng da dang: Da dang trong ddi tugng cung cap hang hda vd dich vy cdng nghf; Da dang trong cdc khach hang mua cdng nghf (Doanh nghiep, hiep hdi, ndng trgi hgp tdc xd, ndng ddn, cdc td chiec nhd nude...); Da dang trong mat hang cdng nghf (Mdy mdc, thiit bi, ddy chuyen ddng bd, quy trinh cdng nghe, bi quyet cdng nghe...); Da dang trong hinh thiic mua - ban cdng nghf. Tinh hinh phdt trien KT-XH ciia Tinli ludn cd nhieu bien ddng, cdc ngudn lyc ty nhien, kinh tl, xa hdi... thudng xuyen cd nhimg thay doi. Vi vay, md hinh td chiic thj trudng cdng nghe Quang Ninh can dugc thiet ke ddm bdo tinh ndng ddng cao dk kip thdi dap iing vd thich hgp vdi nhiing thay ddi dienra. Md hinh thi trudng cdng nghf Qudng Ninh r f y y dugc thiet ke nhdm dap iing cdc yeu cau sau day: Cung cap diy dii vd kjp thdi hang hda vd djch vy cdng nghf cho cac boat ddng KH-XH ciia Tinh trong qua trinh cdng nghifp hda vd hifn dai hda, phat trien nhanh va ben virng ciia Tinh. Tao mdi trudng thuan lgi cho phat trien cdc san pham hang hda cdng nghf tren dja ban Tinh khdng chi d cdc td chiic KH&CN ma cd d cdc doanh nghiep, trang trai, ndng dan. Kich thich phong trao sang tao, sang kiln cua cdc ting ldp nhan dan trong Tinh, chii trgng ting ldp thanh nien, cdng nhan, ndng dan lao ddng tien tien. - Tao dieu kifn day manh phong trdo ddi mdi cdng nghe d cdc doanh nghiep, phong trao cdi each hanh chinh d cac ca quan cdng quyIn, phong trdo giir virng chii quyIn biin dao, dam bdo an ninh, f qudc phdng... - Gdp phin xay dyng kit ciu ha ting KH&CN, xay dyng dgi ngu nhan lyc KH&CN ciia Tinh. Thi tmdng cdng nghe Quang Ninh khi dugc xay dyng diy dii, boat ddng tdt se trd thdnh ddng lyc manh me dk boat hda toan bd cdc mat hoat ddng KH-XH frong Tinh. Md hinh thj tmdng cdng nghf Qudng Ninh dugc thi hien tdm tdt d so dd 1. Md hinh thj trudng cdng nghf Qudng Ninh dugc thilt kl thanh 4 khdi nhu sau: Khoi ben mua cdng nghf: Gdm nhieu ca quan va dan vj khac nhau. Hoat ddng ciia khdi nay nham tao ra nhu ciu vl cdng nghf f f cua cac hoat ddng sdn xuat va ddi sdng ngdy cang gia tang, tien tdi tao ra nhu ciu to ldn vd thudng xuyen vl hang hda va djch vu cdng nghe. Thj trudng cdng nghf thiic day va ho trg ban dau cho cac doanh nghiep diu tu, ddi mdi cdng nghe, iing dyng cac cdng nghf tien tien, nang cao nang lyc cdng nghf ciia cdc nganh kinh tl va cac boat ddng xa hdi trong Tinh, thiic diy cac doanh nghiep dau tu cho KH&CN. Khdi ben ban cdng nghf: Gdm nhieu ca quan, don vj khac nhau nhu trong so dd. Thj trudng cdng nghe td chiic cac boat ddng \ t t nham kich thich vifc phdt trien cac td chiic tao ra hang hda va djch vy cdng nghf, cac td chiic thyc nghiem, xay dyng md hinh iing dyng cdng nghe mdi, de gidi thifu cho khdch hang. Thj trudng thu hiit vd thiic day vifc cung cap hang hda cdng nghe tir trung uong, tir cac tinh, thanh phd ban va nude ngoai; phat trien sy hgp tac, phdi hgp nghien ciiu de tao ra vd cung cip hdng hda cdng nghf cho thj trudng, hinh thdnh cdc td chiic, cdc don vi f r tim kiem vd cung cap hang hda cdng nghf. f r f - Khdi ket cau thi trudng cdng nghf: Day Id bd phan trung tdm ciia thj trudng cdng f y % •> t f nghf. Khdi nay gdm nhieu td chiic, the che, boat ddng khac nhau nhu dd trinh bdy trong ^ f y SO dd. Hoat ddng ciia khdi nay nham vdo vifc thyc hifn trdi cbdy vd nhanh chdng cdc giao dich mua - ban hang hda vd djch vy f t cdng nghf. Khdi ndy td chiic cho vifc giao djch hang hda cdng nghf thugc nhieu trinh do vd dap ling nhieu nhu cau khde nhau, vdo nhiing thdi diem khi cd nhu cau. 56 44(11+12/2011) QUAN Lt KINHTE ^ VEMR I KINH NGHllM THI/C T I I N XAY DLTNG V A PHAT TRIEN THI TRl/ONG CONG NGHh., Khdi nay td chiic cac cugc giao djch, thuang thuyet, ky ket viec mua - bdn hang hda va dich vu cdng nghf thugc 5 nhdm .sau: + Kicu dang cdng nghe, nhdn hifu hdng hda, xuat xii hang hoa. + Dao tao nhan vien; dich vu thdng tin, dich vu ky thuat, cung cap tu lieu kf thuat; sang kien, cai tien. + Da> ehu>en eong nghe, thiet bi cdng nghe, phan mem, chuyen gia ky thuat. + Sang che, giai phap hiiu ich, bi quyet ky thuat. + Cdc djch vu cho boat dgng nghien ciiu (R) va triin khai (D). Trong cac nhdm hang hda cdng nghf tren da>, thi trudng eong nghe Quang Ninh tap trung tim kiem cac loai cdng nghf chii lyc, cdng nghe tien tien, cdng nghf cao. Tir nay den 2020. tren thj trudng cdng nghf Qudng Ninh, cac loai hang hda va djch vu cdng nghf tang dan len theo thdi gian, trinh do dugc nang dan len de dat dugc miic tien tien vd hifn dai. Khdi cac td chiic va hoat ddng hd trg thj trudng cdng nghe: Khdi nay dugc thiet ke nham thiic ddy vifc hinh thanh sdm vd tang nhanh boat ddng tien tdi ddng bd hda ve td chiic. Ca cau ciia khdi tren 4 ITnh vyc nhu sau: + Cdc td chiic ho trg thj trudng, bao gdm: Djch vu mdi gidi mua - bdn cdng nghf; Djch vu tai chinh tin dung; Djch vu thdm djnh, djnh gia cdng nghe; Djch vy phdp ludt; Djch vy bao hdnh, siia chira... + Cac the che, chinh sdch phap ludt, bao gdm: Cac vdn bdn cy thi hda vifc thi hdnh cac Luat (Luat Sd hiiu tri tuf; Ludt KH&CN; Luat Doanh nghifp...); Cdc chinh sdch khuyen khich ddi mdi cdng nghf, ho trg cdc boat ddng KH&CN; Cdc quy djnh cy thi vl mua - ban, chuyen giao cdng nghf... + Cdc thi che tdi chinh, bao gdm: Cdc nguon vdn; Cdc hoat ddng diu tu vdo thi t trudng cdng nghf; Cdc qiiy m^o hiem, qQy phdt triin KH&CN. + Cdc to chiic, ca sd uam tao, ddnh gid, kiem djnh cdng nghf, bao gom: Tnmg tdm h§ trg, xiic tiln chuyin giao cdng nghf; Vudn uam t^o cdng nghf; Vudn uam tao doanh nghifp mdi; Cdc trudng ddo tao nhan lyc KH&CN; Cdc to chirc tieu chuin - do ludng - chit iugng; T 6 chiic cdng nhdn; Tmng tam xuit sdc (center of excellence COE); Vdn phdng license;... Thj trudng cdng nghf Qudng Ninh dugc xay dyng theo md hinh md, linh hoat. Ciing vdi sy phdt triin KH-XH vd KH&CN Tinh, thj trudng cd thi md r^ng boat dOng vd c6 them nhihig hgp phin mdi bode gidm bdt nhQ-ng hgp phan khdng can thiet. 3. Mgt so giai phap xay dung vd phdt trien thi tnrdng cong nghf Quang Ninh Hinh thdnh vd phdt triin thi trudng cong nghf Qudng Ninh Id yeu cau biic thiet de thuc hifn thdnh cdng qud trinh CNH&HDH nIn ' f ^ t f \ kinh te, phdt trien tdt nhdt cdc ngudn lyc cua Tinh, khai thdc tdt vai trd vi thi ddc biet ma * y ' I hifn nay Tinh chua phdt huy dugc. Can thiet thyc hifn cdc gidi phdp chinh sau day: Can ldm cho cdn bg vd nhdn ddn trong Tinh thdy dugc vai trd y nghia to ldn cua thj trudng cdng nghf, cimg nhu nhimg tdc dim§ to ldn md thi trudng ndy mang lai khi dugc to chiic boat dgng tot. Tren ca sd nang cao nh$n thiic nid t?o sy nhit tri, dong thuan trong Tinh ve chii truang xdy dyng vd phdt trien thi trudng cdng nghf. Tinh liy vd UBND Tinh can CO chii truang diit khodt va cac gidi phap cy the ve vifc xay dyng vd phdt trien thi trudng cdng nghf. Lyc lugng KH&CN Tinh cin sdm xay dyng de dn "Hinh thdnh vd phat trien thj tnidng cdng nghf" vd im tiSn ngu6n lyc cho thyc hifn dl dn nay. - Ap dung cac bifn phdp lam phong phii them ngudn cimg cip hdng hda vd dich vu cdng nghf cho thi tnrdng. Tang cudng ddu tu tdi chinh thiic diy cdc boat dgng nghien dfiu (R) va triin khai (D) troiig Tinh. Phan cdng QUAN LY KINH T l Sfif 44 (11+12/2011) XAY DL/NG VA PHAT TRI^N THI TRLTONG CONG NGHE. KINH NGHllM THUC TllN VEMR cho cac dan vj KH&CN ciia Tinh tim kiim thdng tin va cac ngudn hang hda cdng nghf tir cdc tinh ban, tir nude ngoai. Ban hanh cdc chinh sach tao thuan lgi cho viec gidi thifu, chao ban, luu thdng hang hda vd djch vy cdng •nghe tren thi trudng. Md rdng cdc bifn phdp lien ket, hgp tac lien tinh vl tao ra, trao ddi vd mua ban cdng nghf. Thiic day vifc hinh thdnh nhu ciu vl hang hda va djch vu cdng nghf trong Tinh. Phan loai, xac djnh cy the danh myc cdc cdng nghf djch vy cdng ciia cdc ca quan nlid nude cdn dugc mua ban tren thj trudng. Thyc hifn vifc djnh ky ddi mdi cdng nghf ddi vdi cdc doanh nghiep. Quy djnh bat budc cac doanh nghifp chi dugc sii dyng cdng nghf tien tien, cdng nghf thich hgp. Diit khodt nhanh chdng loai bd cdc cdng nghf lac hau, nghiem cam cdc cdng nghf ldm d nhiem nghiem trgng mdi trudng. Cung vdi cdc chinh sdch xda ddi, gidm ngheo, giiip dd ndng dan viing sdu, vung xa, hd trg ddng bdo cdc dan tdc thieu sd, tien hdnh vifc dau tu cung cap gidng cay trdng, vdt nudi mdi, cdc bifn phdp canh tdc thdm canh, bdo qudn, sa che ndng sdn de thdnh nhu cdu ldn ve cdng nghf vd djch vu cdng nghe. Day manh cai each hanh chinh, phdng chdng tham nhiing, loai trir te nan xa hdi, phdt huy dan chu d ca sd, xay dyng ndng thdn mdi... dl tao nen nhu ciu vl cdc quy trinh cdng nghf tuang iing. Ddi mdi va nang cao khd ndng qudc phdng todn dan, bao vf biin ddo, ndng cao cdnh gidc, bdo ddm an ninh bien gidi... tao len nhu ciu vl cdc cdng nghf cd lien quan. Xdy dyng cac td chiic hd tra thi tmdng cdng n ^ f nhu: Vudn uam tao cdng nghf; Vudn uam tao doanh nghifp mdi, cdc khu trinh diln cdng nghe. Van phdng heense, Trung tdm thdng tin cdng nghf... Hifn nay, khi thi hirdng cdng nghf chua di vdo boat ddng thudng xuyen, cdc td chiic nay dat dudi sy quan ly ciia ca quan chinh quyIn vl KH&CN.- Ap dung nhilu bifn phdp giao dye - ddo tao dl hmh thdnh vd nang cao Irinh do ngudn nhan lyc KH&CN ciia Tinh. Ngudn nhan lyc ndy gdp phin thiic diy cac boat ddng KH&CN hong Tinh, ddng thdi la ngudn nhan lyc cho thi tmdng cdng nghe khi thj tmdng nay phat triin va md rdng cac boat dgng. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • Hd Diic Vift (2007), Nghien cuu ludn eu khoa hgc cho cdc chinh sdch vd gidi phdp xdy dung thi^ trudng cdng nghe a Viet Nam trong nen kinh te thi trudng xd hdi chu nghTa, De tdi dgc lap cap nhd nude 2007 • Nguyin Manh Quan (2011), "Xay dyng chiln luge khoa hgc vd cdng nghf nam 2011- 2020 mang ban sac Vift Nam vd tam nhin thdi dai", Tgp chi Hogt ddng khoa hgc Allow. • Sd khoa hoc va cdng nghf Qudng Ninh (2009), Bdo cdo ket qud tham gia chg cdng nghe vd thiet bi Viet Nam - ASEAN + 3 ndm 2009, Qudng Ninh, 2009. • Sd khoa hgc vd cdng nghe Qudng Ninh (2010), Bdo cdo chuyen de ket qud khdo sdt ve tinh hinh chuyen giao cdng nghe tgi Qudng Ninh trong giai dogn 2005- 2009, Qudng Ninh, 2010. • Trin Van Minh (2011), "Khoa hgc vd cdng nghf Qudng Ninh vdi phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi". Tap chi Hoat ddng Khoa hoc 12/2010." • Tnmg tam iing dung tiln bd khoa hgc - cdng nghf Qudng Ninh (2010), Bdo cdo ket qud thyc hifn de tdi "Nghien ciiu xdy dyng chg ndng nghifp vd thiet hi Qudng Ninh tren mang Intemet", Qudng Ninh 2010. • UBND tmh Qudng Ninh (2006), Quylt dmh sd 4179/2006/QD.UBND, ngdy 25/12/2006 ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach phdt trien KH&CN tmh Qudng Nmh din 2020. $0 44(11+12/2011) QUANLY KINHTE g |