Từ tượng thanh mô phỏng tiếng va chạm trong tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt

64 N G 6 N N G C & Bfa S 6 N G S69(239)-2015 ^ Ttr Tir(?NG THANH MO PHONG TIENG VA CHAM TRONG THING ANH vA TIENG VlfT ONOMATOPOEIA RELATED TO COLLISION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NGUYfiN HOAl DUNG (ThS; Trudng Bf i hpc Quy Nhom) Abstract: This article contrasts direct onomatopoeic words in English and Vietnamese related to falling and hitting in terms of the phonological structure. The findings reveals that despite some similarities, they are different in the way various speech sounds, consonant clusters, tones, and reduplication employed in both languages to imitate natural sounds. Key words: onomatopoeia. 1. B ^ t v i n d l Am tiianh l i mdt phin tit ylu cfta cudc sing. Vd vin im thanh tin tpi quanh ta, da dpng, phong phft khdng kl x i l t Trong cuOc sing hing ngiy, nhim midu t i v i gpi tin nhffaig im thanh Iy, mOt ldp tft mang tinh bilu im (sound symbolism) di ra ddi - tft tupng tiianh (onomatope, onomatopoeic word, echoic woid, imitative word, sound word). D l ding nh|n ra cuckoo, tlchtock (tilng Anh) v i mio, ctfc Idc (taxing tilng ViOt) l i nhttag tft nhu v|y. Tuy nhiOn, cftng md phdng mOt tilng dOng nhung tft tupng thanh trong mli n^dn ngft Ifii cd ldp vd im thanh khic nhau. Ching h^n nhu cung l i tilng chd sfta nhung d mli ngdn ngft 1^ khi. So sinh: gdu gdu (tilng Viet); ftow-wow hoic woq/^woq^ (tilng Anh); wau-wau (tilng Dlic); ou^-ou^(^kag Phip); gaf-gc^ (tilng Nga), meong meong (fieag Hin) [7]. Bii vilt niy budc dha tim hilu hiOn tupng thu V) niy qua viOc so sinh dli chilu ciu trie ngft Im cfta cic tft tupng thanh md phdng nhftng Im thanh do va chpm tpo ra taxing tilng Anh v i tilng ViOt. 2. Tii tirpng thanh 2.1. Dinh nghla Di cd rat nhilu djnh nghia khic nhau v l tft tupng thanh nhung phin ldn diu thong nhit ting: tft tupng tiianh l i tft dupc tiiinh l|p dvia trdn sy md phdng Im thanh trong thl gidi hiOn thvic bing cic Im tl . Nhu ik bilt, tii l i mOt thl thing nhit cfta Im (sound image) v i nghta (meanmg), hay l i giiia cii bilu hiOn (signifier) vk cii dupc bilu hiOn (signified} theo nhu quan niOm ciia F. de Saussure. Thdng thudng, mli quan hO niy mang tinh vO doin (arbitrary). Tuy nhiOn, ddi khi ta vin bit gjip nhftng tft m i ldp vd i m thanh cfta nd gpi l&i sy lidn tudng den sy v | t m i nd bilu niOm. Nhfing tft tupng thanh nhu zip, cuckoo, meow (trong tilng Anh) hay hu hu, ldp bdp, rei^ (trong tilng ViOt) dupc l i vl dy rd ring nhit Theo Jespeisen [6, tT.3981, c ic ca quan ciu Im cfta con ngudi khdng the t ^ ra nhftng bin sao hoin hio cua cic Im thanh ty nhidn, do v$y d mOt chiing mvic nio dd, viOc Ivra chgn cic im to l i n ^ nhiOn v i mil ngdn ngft ci nhftng tft khic nhau dl md phdng cimg m$t Im thanh. ZZ Phdn hgi Theo mOt so nhi nghidn cftu [4, S, 6], ci bai lopi tupng thanh: tavc tilp v i ^ i n tilp. Tugng thanh tr\tc ttip (Direct onomatopoeia) cd thl gpi len sy lidn tudng gifta Im v i nghla vl chiing md phdng tryc tilp, gin dftng Im thanh ty nhiOn: ding-dong, ldp d$p,... Miic d$ tinh c l ^ md phdng cfta ti tupng thanh cung khic nhau. Cd tft khi dpc ldn sd gpi ngay din nguIn phit ra Im tiianh cifc tdc, chit chit, meow, cuckoo, Ucktock... !il9(239)-2015 N G 6 N N G C & BfnsdNG 65 I^ tft ddi hdi ta cin chftt tudng tupng click ; t i^ nhap cua chuOt miy tinh), neigh (tilng Qgya b£),dmdm,lvc difc,... Dli vdi tft tupmg thanh trvic tilp, cin phin bipt lii tugng thtsnh Ihtfc (non-lexical) vdi tit tugng thanh gid (lexical onomatopoeia) [1,4, 5]. Tft tupng thanh thvrc chi md phdng Im tiianh tiiuIn tfty chft khdng gpi tin sy v|t hay hinh ddng. Vi dy: shshsh, cuckoo, odd, meo meo. Trii l^ i, tft tupng thanh gii "li nhftng tft dupc sinh ra tft tft tupng thanh thvic nhung d nhitng mftc dO khic nhau, khdng trvrc tilp md phdng tilng dOng vi cd chftc ning djnh danh". [1, ft.l67] Nd li mOt tft hoin chinh, dpc 1^. Vi dy: Mcctp (ndc ctti), twitter (tilng hit liu lo, tilng kdu liu riu), mio, khic khich Tuy nhidn, *Vanh gidi gifta tft tupng thanh thvic vi tupng thanh gii khdng rd iing \i phin ldn cic chu5i Im thanh deu cd thl dupc tii vyng hda" [4, tr.l24], cd till bing cich chuyin lopi tft (conversion), nhu tilng keu cuckoo cua con chim trd thinh tdn gpi cua lo^ chim niy; hay trong vi dy Hi Le dua ra: "Con gd chodc len mdt tiing thdt to" [1, tr.l77] till tft hipng tiianh th|t "chodc" md phdng tilng gi di dupc dCuig nhu dpng tft bilu til) hopt dOng. Trong tiudng hpp ngopi 10 vdi cic chuli phy im nhu shhh, zzzzz... thl tiiudng tiiOm mOt hoic hai im v) vio dl biln nd tiiinh nhftng tft thvrc nhu hush (\km cho hn ling, nhi tiunh), buzz (tilng ong vo ve). Khdng chi tft mdi cd "khi ning bit chudc" Im thanh cfta thl gidi hiOn thvrc mi im cfta cic Im trong mOt phit ngdn (utterance) [5] cfing cd khi ning ket hpp lpi nhim tpo ra hiOu ling "tilng vang" (echoism) gpi ti y nghta cfta du tiio. £)6 chinh li trudng hpp tugng thanh gidn ttip. Trong ciu flio sau, viOc lip lpi cfta Im xuyt Isl thvic sy gpi ti trong til tudng tupng ciia ngudi dpc im thanh sdt sopt cfta nhiing tim rim trong khdng gian yOn tiiih. (1) And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling ttf each purple curtttin (Poe, E. A. The Raven) Dudi gdc do phong cich hpc, chinh nhd khi nfing phin inh Im thanh cua sy v|t dupc mieu ti mi tft tupng thanh thudng dupc sft dyng lim biOn ph^ tu tft trong vin tha, khiln cho hinh inh dupc kbic hpa trd ndn sinh dOng, bilu cim, vi sftc tich hem nhu trong vi dy (2): Gd vttc gdo nude trong bi, sic mieng dng PC nhd to§l xudng ddt. (MaVSnKhing) 3. Khio sit Of thl 3.1. Tit titgng thanh trong tiing Anh 3.1.1. Am ddu 6 vj tri im diu, phy Im tic /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ hiOn diOn trong phin ldn tft tupng thanh (45 tft) chi tilng gd, chpm, roi. Ta diu bilt Im tic dupc ciu thinh hoi bj khi don lpi trong khoang cOng hudng i^ i dOt ngOt md ra, t ^ ndn tilng nl. Vdi d$c dilm niy, cic Im tic, nl cd vd rit phft hpp vdi vai trd tupng trung cho tilng d$ng mpnh, dpt ngOt cua hai vOt thl cftng va chpm vdi nhau. VI dy: dop (tilng vd ngvia Ipc cpc/ lOp cdp^ lip dp trdn nin dit Cling), pitter-patter (tieng mua roi lOp dOp)t dong (tilng chudn "boong"), bong (tilng chudng) tinkle (tilng chudng leng keng),...Trong sl dd cd IS trudng hpp phy Im tic, nl kit hpp vdi cic Im c|n /r/,/!/ xuit hiOn trong cic tl hpp phy im diu /dr/, /kl/, /kr/, /pi/, ding luu y li tl hpp /kl/ chilm tdi hai phin ba tiudng hpp. Da so cic tft niy (8/10 tft) phin inh tinh chit lip lpi liOn tilp cfta hinh ding dd: clack Oich cich), clang (loing xoing), clink (lanh canh, leng keng), clop (ldp cpp, lip dp),...Ngoii ra, chftm phy Im /pi/ thuimg hiOn diOn trong cic tilng In do va chpm mim (gifta vit cftng vdi v|t mim hoic hai v|t man vdi nhau nhu jiop (tdm, bdm), plonk (phjch, ftm - tilng vOt ning loi xulng nude), plash (tilng v$t roi xulng lim nude bin tde), pat (cii v5 nhp),... Cic phy Im cdn lpi (tic xit miii, chilm sl lupng khdng ding kl. Am xit / 6 / , xuit hiOn trong 4 tiudng hpp. Dilm chung cfta 3 taxing sl bdn tft niy li diu kit hpp Im ring, vd 66 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG Sl9(239)-2015 tiianh 16/vdi nguydn Im gifta, md /A/ nhim md phdng im thanh trim dye cfta mdt v|t n|ng dip len mOt bl mit: thud, thunk, thump (thich, uych) 3.1.2. Am chinh Dpi da s l cic tiudng hpp sft dyng nguydn im don, ngin (55/56 tiudng hpp; ngopi trft duy nbit mOt nguyOn im dii Ai:/); cd 18 U do l i bdi phin ldn cic hinh dOng va chpm, gd, roi diu diin ra trong khoing thdi gian ngin. Nguydn §m trudc III, Isl dupc sft dyng khi nhieu (36 trudng hpp). Xdt v l dO cao cfta nguyen Im, cic nguyin Im md /as/, / A / , / D / chilm uu till (40/56 til), nhit l i im /as / . NguyOn Im gifta, md /A/ dupc dftng dl md phdng Im thanh trim (vi dy: pliuik, drum, clunk) (7/7 tiudng hpp) cfta mOt vit ning dip lOn mOt bl mit (vl dy: thud, thunk, thwip (5/7 tiudng hpp) DO md cfta cic nguyOn Im it nhilu cd liOn quan din Im lupng cfta im thanh dupc md phdng. Cy till cd 14/17 tft dftng Im khip / l / dl md phdng im thanh nhd, cd Im sic cao nhu tick-tack, tinUe, flick, click, clink, ting-a- ling, cMnk,... trong khi nguvdn im md / D / dupc tim thiy trong mOt so tft midu t i Im thanh to nhu bong (boong - tilng chudng), (hng (boong tilng chudng), ding-dong (tilng chudng blnh boong). Bdn cpnh dd, Im md /ml cing dupc bit g ^ trong cic tft md phdng cic Im ldn nhu bang, clang, tang, clack, clash, crash, clatter. 3.1.3. Am cudi vdn Phin ldn cic tft tupng thanh miOu t i c ic tilng dOng cd dd dii i m tiianh ngin diu kit tiiftc bing Im tic (18/ 20 tiudng hpp). VI dy: cli^, rap, slap, rat-tat, knock, whack. Tit c i 20 trudng hpp md phdng Im thanh vang hoic ngin (thudng l i Im do Idm lopi h o ^ tiiify tinh va chpm) diu cd sy hiO>> diOn cfta phy Im vang (Im ben tli / I / v i hai im mfti /m , 1)/). Vi dy: drum, Jmgle, tinkle. bang clang bong, ding-a-ling clank, clink Nghidn cftu nhitng tft niy, chftng tdi nhjta thiy d mOt phucmg diOn nio dd, tit c i cic ph\i Im thinh phin trong chftm phy Im culi diu gdp phin vio viOc phin inh im thanh ni. midu ti. Hiy cftng xem xdt cip tft clang vt clank. Theo d ^ nghta, clang l i "Im tiianli ldn, chdi tai, ngin vang tpo ra do kim lopi va chpm nhau", cdn clartk l i "Im thanh ldn t^ ta do hai v|t ning bing kim lopi va chpm nhau, khdng vang nhu chng vk ngin hon vl d9 dii". Rd ring l i im /r ] / 6 culi c i hai tit di phin inh dupc dO vang cfta hai Im thanh niy. Tuy nhidn trong tft clank, ddng hoi phit ra lidn tyc qua khoang mui b) chin lpi bdi phy Im tic /k / taxing t l hpp phy Im c d i /i)k/ nhim bilu thj sy gidi hpn ban v l thdi gian. Bin cpnh dd cd mOt s l dilm ding luu y cfta cic tft md phdng nhftng tilng d$iig do gO, chpm, roi trong tilng Anh nhu sau: - C ^ Im don tilt (ehl cd mOt phy Im diu) thudng md phdng cic Im thanh cd tinh don im (20/24 taxrimg hpp). VI dy: pow, thud, thwack, Icq}, bop, bump, bam. - Nguydn i m md / x / thudng kit hpp vdi phy Im tic /k/ , / p / d c d i Im tilt dl miSuti cic im cd Im wic cao nhu clack, cUgi, thwack, ttqj, rtgj, tick-tack, whack - Cic tft l iy (vl dy: ding-a-ling ding-dong, rat-a-tat, pitter-patter, ping-pong), cic tft da Im tilt (vi dy: jin^e, tick-lack, rattle, tinkle) v i cic t l hpp phy im, die biOt l i t l hpp /kl/ (vi dy: clop, chink, clash, clink, clatter) dupc sft dyng dl md phdng thih chit U^ lpi Udn t|ic cfta cUnh hinh dOng dd. 3.2. Tit titang thanh trong tidng Vl(t Cd mOt so lupng ldn tii liy tupng thaab liOn quan din tilng gd, roi, chpm (chi^ 79/118 til). Trong khi cic tft don md phing nhftng tilng ddng phit ra cd thih hftu kit (telic - diin t i mOt hopt dOng tipn vpn) nhu bich, bdp, cdp, tSm, liiintiti c ic tft liy phin inh cic titag In cd thih 1 ^ lpi, liOn tyc. il9(239)-201S NG6N NGC & Bid S6NG 67 3.2.1. Am ddu Xdt vl vj tii im dau, cic phy am tic /b, t, :', d, c, k, 7/ chilm uu thl so vdi cic phy am thic, xuit hiOn ti^ 80% cic tft tupng tiianh rang nhdm niy (55/66 myc tft). VD: boong tt dch, iMch, den dit, chi chdt, leng keng, cgc, igch. Trong d dd, ridng phy im ngpc mim /k/<H chilm din 20 tiudng hpp. Hai phy Im npnh (foitis) ngpc cftng Id vi ngpc mim /k/ Hi dupc tin dyng tli da trong cic tft md phdng tilng hai v|t cftng va chpm mpnh vdi ohau: cdc, cdc, cgp, cgp, cdch cM chdt, ch^ Cheng cheng coong, choang cdng keng cgc cgch, ki cdch,... Trii lpi, phy Im ylu (lenis) fbl tiiudng xuit hiOn trong cic tft chi sy va chpm vdi v|t thl mim: bdp, Igp bdp, bdp, bdm, bi bgch, bich, lich bich... Phy Im cpn xip tiift hai vdi 22 lin xuit hipn cfta Im bdn /]/. Tuy nhiOn im /U khdng xuit hiOn trong cic nguydn vj thvrc ciia tft liy mi trong phin Uy, khdng bit chudc cic tilng ding mi ehl thuin tfty tuin theo ca chi liy •him tpo ra sy hii hda vl in$t thanh diOu. Md hlnh cfta nd li: /1/+ phin vin vi phin thanh diOu cfta tft tupng tiianh thvic (li nguydn vj fliyc tiong til lip liy) [1, tr.l97]. Vi dy: c$p -' ldp cdp, cgch -* Igch cgch, bdm -* Idm bdm (^ d lupng cao thft ba li cic phy Im xit If, s, 5, ^ h/, chilm 11 trudng hpp. V! dy: phdnhphgch, lodngxodng, sdm s(p (of heavy rain), rung ring hupnh huych Khd mi giii Uiicii sy faiOn diOn ciia cic Im xit trong cic tft md phdng tilng gd, roi, chpm vl theo quan dilm cfta cic nhi ngdn ngft hpc, Im xit fliudng dupc diing trong nhftng tft phin inh sy ma sit cfta cic v|t vdi nhau. Tuy nhidn cd mOt dieu lit rd li phin vin cfta cic tft md phdng tit Im hudng cfta cic tilng ddng. Ngoii ra, khi quan sit cic tft cd chua phy im rung Irl: rdm rdm, ring ring rdc rdch, rdo rdo, chiing tdi thiy dilm chung cua chftng cic tilng dOng niy diin ra UOn tyc, nli tilp nhau. (^ le trong Idii phin vin cfta cic tft niy md phdng Im hudng cua tilng dpng thl Im /r/ nglu nhiOn di dupc chpn dl phin inh tinh vd kit (atehc), UOn tvic (continuous) ciia Im thanh. Vdi titphdnh phgch, Im vd thanh mdi- ling /S bilu flij dupc tinh nhd, Om cia tilng d^ cinh vi quan trpng li sy ma sit cfta cinh trong khdng khi tnnic khi d|p mpnh vio ca thl ciia con v|t 3.2.2. Am chinh Xdt vl vj tri Im chinh, cic nguyOn Im md chilm da d cic trudng hpp vdi 46/ 66 tiudng hpp. Vi dy: lanh canh, I6c cdc, Idm bdm odm ogp, rdo rdo, chtm chdt... Phin vin (ifayme) cfta cic tft liy hoin thinh khi tixjin vpn vai tid md phdng tilng roi, gd, chpm, die biOt li cic khudn vin liy. Trong nhftng tft liy hoin toin, chit lupng Im thanh lip lpi gin nhu dupc gift nguyOn. VI dy: thimg thing rdo rdo, dm dm, xotmg xodng... Nlu dhih Im tilt (nucleus) trong nguyOn vj iSp liy khdng thay dli so vdi nguyOn vj thvic cfta tft liy, Im lupng cfta im thanh thudng khi In djnh. Vi dy: chan chdt, long tang, den del, ddnh dgch,... Nlu ip dvmg khudn visi [/i/ - nguyOn im khic] thl Im thanh dupc md phdng cd Im lupng Iftc to liic nhd khic nhau (ngopi tift tieng ding hi tich tdc). Vi dy nhu tiieo djnh nghta cfta tft diin, U tdch gpi ti "tilng dOng nhd, gpn, liOn tilp khdng diu nhau nhu tieng nude roi xdng tftng gipt ngit quing". Hoic: chan chdt li ti«g "danh, chdi tai nhu tilng mOt v|t ciing d|p mpnh vi UOn tilp vio mpt v|t cfing khic", cdn cM chdt li "danh, vang, to nhd khdng diu do cic v|t ciing va d|p vio nhau phit ra, cim giic giy chdi tai" [3]. 3.2.3. Am cudi Vl sy phin bl cfta cic phy im cdi vin, nhdm phy im tic /p/, /k/, /t/ din diu vdi 39 tiudng hpp, trong iU gilng nhu d vj tri diu Im tilt, phy Im ngpc mim /k/ vin chilm d ding kl (27 tft); riOng phy Im /t/ rit it xuit hiOn (4 tiudng hpp). Xip thft hai (gin 40% tiudng hpp dupc tiling kO) li hai Im mui /m, nl. cin luu y li thvic tl d lupng cic Im niy NG6N NGC & Bdi S6NG Sl9(239)-2015 trong ngft UOu thu tii|p nhilu ban, nhung vl trong cic trong nguydn vj liy ndn chftng khdng dupc tinh dIa Chftng xuit biOn phd biln cic cjp vin sau: oc - ach, anh - ach, dm - dp, ao - ao, eng - eng, om - am, om - op, oc - oc, 6c-dc, oang - oang, inh - ich, ich - ich. Chi cd hai tft kit thftc bing bin nguydn Im /- w/. Cd till tiiiy lit Id tit ci nhftng til cd ngdn glc tft nhftng tilng ddng ngin, danh diu kit thftc bing Im tic: cgc, cop, bdp, dit, chdt, tdch, Idch cdch, chdch, idc cdc, etc. Ding thdi, khdng khd nhin ra hiu hit cic tft tupng thanh bilu tiij cic tilng vang nhu dm dm, leng keng, lanh canh, boong, long long, lodng xodng, ting lung, iM thing, blnh boong... dudng nhu ngin vang hon nhd sy cOng hudng vdi phy Im vang /m/ vi / t ] / d cdi vin (die biOt khi dupc kit hpp vdi cic nguyOn Im md). 12/ 12 tft tupng thanh md phdng tieng va chpm cfta kim lopi (chua kl cic tft liy) diu kit thftc bing phy Im vang /n/. 3.2.4. Thanhdiiu Thanh diOu li mOt phin khdng till tiiilu tixmg til tilng ViOt ddng chftc ning khu biOt nghia. Trong khi bdp bieu th) tilng ti t tilng vS tay (hoic tilng nl) thl i(!p lpi li Im tiianh tiim dye phit ra tft tiii ciy roi xdng dit hay bin tay (hoi khum khum) v5 lOn mOt bl in$t Trong tilng ViOt cd cic cip tft liy md phdng nhfing im thanh cd cich thftc tpo ra gilng hOt nhau, chi khic nhau d cao dd nhu cdc/ cdc, cdp/cdp, cdc cdch/cgc cgch. Phi biln nhit trong cic tft don vi liy tupng thanh thudc nhdm gd, roi, chpm li cic tiianh huyin, sic, ning. Chftng xuit biOn d 92 trong ting d 118 tft don vi liy mi chung tdi thing kO dupc, nhilu nhit li thanh ning vi thanh sic; cd Id vi nhu tien di ndu, da so cic tft tirpng thanh tiiupc nhdm niy kit thftc bing phy Im /k/. Theo quy lu|t tiianh (fiOu, nhthig vin kit tiiftc bing phy Im /k/ chi cd till mang thanh sic ho$c ning vi dy nhu cdc/c0c, cdch/cgch. £)ftng nhu Hi LO [1] SSi nh|n xdt nUn chung thanh ngang cd Idii ning bilu tiij Im thanh bing, kdo dii nhu boong, coong cheng chotmg choang...; thanh huyen cd khi ning bilu thj Im tram, kdo dii (dm dm, rdo rao, ting ting tM thing...y, thanh sic xuit fai^ trong cic Im tilng d$ng bing, ngSn (cdp, Idch cdch dit, chdt, U tdch, idc cdc...); cdn dianh ning thl gpi lOn cic Im ngin, trim (Ijic d{ic, bdp, dgch, thich, bich, lich kich...) 3.3. M0t vii nhfn xit qua ddi chiiu Qua nhftng ph&i tich tiOn, chftng tdi lit ra mOt d dilm tuong ding vi dj biOt cua ti tupng thanh chi sy va chpm trong tilng Anh vi ti&ig ViOt nhu sau: 3.3.1. NhOngdiim titcmgddng - Ci hai ngdn ngft li cd nhilu tit tiipng thanh dl phin inh, gpi tdn cic Im tiianh da dpng tin tpi quanh ta. Tiii qua qui trinh si dyng, mdt d tft di mit din tinh bilu Im vi tn!i thinh ten gpi cho sy v|t gong (cii dng), ping-pong (bdng bin), (cii) king (cii) cdng. - Trong ldp vd ngit Im cfta tii taipng flianh, phin vin ddng vai tid quan trpng nhit nd t^ o nOn Im hudng, nOn tilng vane cho Im tiianh dupc bilu thj. Khdng cd Im (£^ ta vin cd All nhin ra Im thanh ndt chlnb, chung nhit cia Im thanh. BOn cpnh dd, do md cfta ngu/On Im chinh it nhilu cd UOn quan din Im lupng ho$c cao do cfta Im thanh dupc miOu ti. - Phy Im diu vi c d i thudng phin inh cich tiiftc tpo ra tilng dpng. 6 ci hai ngdn ngft, cic phy Im tic, die biOt li /kl, tiiuteig xuyen phin bl 6 vj tri im diu vi cdi nhim gpi ti cic tilng va chpm danh, mpnh, khdng vang cfta hai vOt thl cftng. Ngupc lpi, phy Im vang /g/ dupc dftng phd biln tiong ci hai ngdn ngft dl md phdng thih vang cia Im thanh ty nhidn vi cda cic vflt till khn lopi va chpmnliaii. 3.3.2 NhSngdiim di biit - Clu tiftc Im tilt cfta tilng Anh gIm 1 phin: Im diu vi phin vin cdn trong tilng Sl9(239)-2D15 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG 69 ViOt lpi cd din 3 phin: Im diu, phin vin v i thmhdiOu. - Be md phdng cic im thanh nhd, tilng Anh thudng dftng nguydn Im khdp / i / cdn tilng ViOt dftng /i/ trong khudn vin liy [/i/+nguyOn im khic]. - Cic tft bit chudc nhftng Im thanh c6 Im lupng ldn trong tilng Anh thudng chua cic nguyOn Im md / D / , /ae/cdn trong tilng ViOt thl thudng l i c ic nguyOn Im md / E / , HI, M,hl, IV. - Trong nhilu tiudng hpp, phy Im /p/ trong tilng Anh v i /b/ trong tilng ViOt dupc bit gip tiong nhftng tft md phdng Im thanh tpo ra do va chpm m m . - Khic vdi tilng ViOt trong tilng Anh ddi khi phy Im tic /k/ xuit hiOn d i ti^ sau Im vang /r|/ trong chuli phy Im culi nhim bilu thj nhftng tilng dOng cd dO vang ngin (vi dy chng vk clank). - Thanh diOu cQng gdp phin quan trpng trong viOc md phdng Im thanh. Nhln chung tiianh ngang v i thanh sic cd khi ning bilu thj Im bing; thanh huyIn v i thanh ning lpi phin inh tinh trim cfta tilng dOng dupc miOu ti. - D I sao chdp tinh chit da im, thih UOn tyc, lip lpi ciia tilng dOng, trong khi tilng Anh khai thic chuoi phy Im diu hoic tft da Im tilt tft don tupng thanh trong tilng ViOt lpi dl ding v |n dyng ca ehl liy dl tpo ra nhilu tft liy vdi cic sic thii khic nhau (vl dy: chdt - chan chdt, cM chdt, tdch - Idch tdch, ti tdch, lanh tdch). Nhd v|y, tilng ViOt cd nhilu tft tupng thanh hon v i dudng nhu cd tinh bilu cim hon. 3.Kltlu$ii Do sy khic nhau v l lopi hlnh ngdn ngft nOn bOn cpnh mOt d dilm tuong ding, ciu trie ngft im cfta tft tupng thanh trong hai ngdn ngft cd nhilu ndt d) biOt v l ciu tiftc im tilt v i c ic thinh |ji in ciu thinh ndn nd, v l viOc khai tiiic c h d i phy im, tft da Im tilt bong tilng Anh cftng nhu vOn dyng thanh diOu, tft l iy tiong tilng ViOt VI moi ngdn ngft cd cich md phdng rieng, thdng qua nhftng phuong tiOn v i quy tic ngft im rieng cfta mlnh nOn tft tupng thanh khdng phii Iftc nio cung l i bin sao chinh xic cic Im thanh ty nhien. V i suy cho cftng mli quan hO cd U do cfta Im v i nghta ciia tft tupng thanh cung khdng phii l i tiiyOt dli. Tuy nhien, nhhi chung cd thl ndi tft tupng tiianh di giftp chuyin tii v i luu gift sy d n g ddng v i phong phft cua Im thanh vio ngdn ngft. Chung tdi hoin toin nhit tii vdi H i LO v i c ic nhi ngdn ngft khic ring hilu tft tupng tbanb, ta cd till cim thy thdm cii hay, ndt tinh t l cua ngdn ngft din tOc mlnh. T A I U^V THAM K H A O 1. Ho Le (1976), Vdn di cdu tgo tit cia tiing Viet Men dgi, Nxb Khoa hpc X i hOi, Hi NOi. 2. Ngdn ngd [Online], "Am vi vd cdc hi thdng dm vi tiing Viif, ht^://iigoniigu.iie1/index.php?p=64, (truy cip ngiy 10/4/2015). 3. ViOn Ngdn ngtt hpc (2003), Ti diin tiing Viit (hi lin flift 9, cd sfta chfta), Nxb D i Ning - Tning tim Tft diin hpc. Hi NOi - D i Ning. 4. Fischer, A. (1999), "BTiotiXonKteig, is phonological tconlclt}/!" Form Miming Meaning, John Benjamins Publishing Company. 5. Iriskulov, A.T. (2006), General Notes on Styles and Stylistics [On-Line], www.durov.coni/shidy/STYLISTICS- 175.doc (truy d p ngiy 10/4/2015). 6. Jespersen, O. (1922), Language: its nature, tkvelopment and origin, G. AUen & Unwm, London, pp. 396-411. 7. Wikipedia, the free encyclo]]edia. Onomatopoeia, Wikipedia [On-Line], ht4i://en.wikipedia.orgAvild/Ononiatopoeia, (tiuy c |p ngiy 9/9/2007).