Quản trị mạng - Chapter 7: Ripv2
It is always best to begin with the basics:
1. Make sure all of the links (interfaces)
are up and operational.
2. Check the cabling.
3. Check to make sure you have the
correct IP address and subnet mask
on each interface.
4. Remove any unnecessary
configuration commands that are no
longer necessary or have been
replaced by other commands
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1Chapter 7: RIPv2
CCNA Exploration version 4.0
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Overview
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RIPv1 Limitations
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Lab Topology
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VLSM
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Lab Topology: Private Address
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Lab Topology: Loopback interface
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RIPv1 Topology Limitations
• Static Routes and Null Interfaces
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Null interface
• The address space represented by the static
summary route 192.168.0.0/16 does not actually
exist.
• In order to simulate this static route, we use a null
interface as the exit interface.
• You do not need to enter any commands to create
or configure the null interface. It is always up but
does not forward or receive traffic. Traffic sent to
the null interface is discarded.
• For our purposes, the null interface will serve as
the exit interface for our static route.
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Extra : Null interface
• The Cisco IOS software supports a "null" interface.
This pseudo-interface functions similarly to the null
devices available on most operating systems.
• This interface is always up and can never forward
or receive traffic; encapsulation always fails. The
only interface configuration command that you can
specify for the null interface is no ip
unreachables.
• The null interface provides an alternative method
of filtering traffic. You can avoid the overhead
involved with using access lists by directing
undesired network traffic to the null interface.
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Extra: Using discard routes
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RIPv1 Topology Limitations
• Verifying and Testing Connectivity
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RIPv1 Topology Limitations
• Verifying and Testing Connectivity
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Lab 7.1.2.3: RIPv1 Topology Limitations
• Use the Packet Tracer Activity to practice your router configuration skills,
including RIPv1 configurations.
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RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
• RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol.
– It does not include the subnet masks in its routing
updates.
– Therefore, RIPv1 cannot support discontiguous
networks, VLSM, or Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR) supernets.
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RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
• Because the subnet mask is not included in the update, RIPv1
and other classful routing protocols must summarize networks at
major network boundaries.
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RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
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RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
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RIPv1: Discontiguous Networks
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RIPv1: No VLSM Support
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RIPv1: No CIDR support
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RIPv1: No CIDR support
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Lab 7.1.5.2: RIPv1-No CIDR support
• Use the Packet Tracer Activity in Simulation mode to see that updates are not
sent across classful network boundaries with RIPv1.
• In RealTime mode, verify non-convergence with the
– show ip route
– ping
– debug ip rip.
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Configuring RIPv2
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Enabling and Verifying RIPv2
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Extra: Next Hop
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Enabling and Verifying RIPv2
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Enabling and Verifying RIPv2
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Enabling and Verifying RIPv2
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
• By default, RIPv2 automatically summarizes networks at major
network boundaries, just like RIPv1.
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
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Auto-summary and RIPv2
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Disabling Auto-summay in RIPv2
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Verifying RIPv2 Updates
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Verifying RIPv2 Updates
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Lab 7.2.4.2: Verifying RIPv2 Updates
• Use the Packet Tracer Activity to configure RIPv2, disable
automatic summarization, and verify your configurations.
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Compatibility with RIP v1
NewYork
interface fastethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.50.129 255.255.255.192
ip rip send version 1
ip rip receive version 1
interface fastethernet0/1
ip address 172.25.150.193 255.255.255.240
ip rip send version 1 2
interface fastethernet0/2
ip address 172.25.150.225 225.255.255.240
router rip
version 2
network 172.25.0.0
network 192.168.50.0
• Interface FastEthernet0/0 is
configured to send and receive
RIP v1 updates.
• FastEthernet0/1 is configured
to send both version 1 and 2
updates.
• FastEthernet0/2 has no special
configuration and therefore
sends and receives version 2
by default.
RIPv2
interface fastethernet0/0
ip rip send version {1 | 2}
ip rip receive version {1 | 2}
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Adding a default Routes to RIPv2
e0
ISP
SantaCruz2SantaCruz1
192.168.4.20/30
172.30.1.0/24
Internet
s0
s0 s0
s1
172.30.100.0/24
e0
192.168.4.24/30
.21
.22
.25
.26
10.0.0.0/8
e0.1
.1.1
Lo0
Lo0
172.30.110.0/24172.30.2.0/24
.1
.1
.1
static route to
207.0.0.0/8
207.0.0.0/16
207.1.0.0/16
207.2.0.0/16
207.3.0.0/16
etc.
`
172.30.200.16/28
172.30.200.32/28
Lo1
Lo2
ISP
router rip
redistribute static
network 10.0.0.0
network 192.168.4.0
version 2
no auto-summary
default-information originate
ip route 207.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 null0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2
etherenet0
router rip
redistribute static
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VLSM and CIDR
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RIPv2 and VLSM
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RIPv2 and CIDR
• One of the goals of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) as
stated by RFC 1519 is "to provide a mechanism for the
aggregation of routing information." This goal includes the
concept of supernetting.
• A supernet is a block of contiguous classful networks that is
addressed as a single network.
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RIPv2 and CIDR
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Verifying and Troubleshooting RIPv2
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
• It is always best to begin with the basics:
1. Make sure all of the links (interfaces)
are up and operational.
2. Check the cabling.
3. Check to make sure you have the
correct IP address and subnet mask
on each interface.
4. Remove any unnecessary
configuration commands that are no
longer necessary or have been
replaced by other commands.
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
Router#show ip route
172.30.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.30.200.32/28 is directly connected, Loopback2
C 172.30.200.16/28 is directly connected, Loopback1
R 172.30.2.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0
R 172.30.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0
C 172.30.100.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C 172.30.110.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
192.168.4.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
R 192.168.4.24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0
C 192.168.4.20 is directly connected, Serial0
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0
R 207.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.4.21, 00:00:21, Serial0
Supernet, classless routing protcols
will route supernets (CIDR)
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
Router#debug ip rip
RIP protocol debugging is on
Router#01:23:34: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.22 on Serial1
01:23:34: 172.30.100.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
01:23:34: 172.30.110.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
Router#
01:23:38: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.4.26 on Serial0
01:23:38: 172.30.2.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
01:23:38: 172.30.1.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
Router#
01:24:31: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet0 (10.0.0.1)
01:24:31: 172.30.2.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 172.30.1.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 172.30.100.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 172.30.110.0/24 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
01:24:31: 192.168.4.24/30 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
01:24:31: 192.168.4.20/30 -> 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
multicast
Includes mask
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
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Verification and Troubleshooting Commands
Router# show ip rip database
172.19.0.0/16 auto-summary
172.19.64.0/24 directly connected, Ethernet0
172.19.65.0/24
[1] via 172.19.70.36, 00:00:17, Serial1
[2] via 172.19.67.38, 00:00:25, Serial0
172.19.67.0/24 directly connected, Serial0
172.19.67.38/32 directly connected, Serial0
172.19.70.0/24 directly connected, Serial1
172.19.86.0/24[1] via 172.19.67.38, 00:00:25, Serial0
[1] via 172.19.70.36, 00:00:17, Serial1
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Common RIPv2 issues
• The network statement does 2 things:
1. It enables the routing protocol to send and receive
updates on any local interfaces that belong to that
network.
2. It includes that network in its routing updates to its
neighboring routers.
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Authentication
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Configuring authentication
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Configuring authentication
Router(config)#key chain Romeo
Router(config-keychain)#key 1
Router(config-keychain-key)#key-string Juliet
• The password must be the same on both routers (Juliet), but the
name of the key (Romeo) can be different.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain Romeo
(option) Router(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5
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Configuring authentication
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Clear Text Authentication
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MD5 Authentication
RIPv2 redistribution
• Planning Redistribution
• Locate the boundary router between two routing processes.
• Determine which routing process is the core or backbone
process
• Determine which routing process is the edge or migration
process
• Select a method for injecting the required edge protocol routes
into the core.
63Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com
Configuring Redistribution into RIP
• Use this command to redistribute routes into RIP:
– Router(config-router)# redistribute protocol [process-id]
[match route-type] [metric metric-value] [route-map map-tag]
64
RtrA(config)# router rip
RtrA(config-router)# redistribute ospf ?
Process ID
RtrA(config-router)# redistribute ospf 1 ?
match Redistribution of OSPF routes
metric Metric for redistributed routes
route-map Route map reference
• Default metric is infinity.
The redistribute command parameters for RIP
65
Parameter Description
protocol Source protocol from which routes are being redistributed.
process-id This value is an AS number. For OSPF, this value is an OSPF process ID.
match route-type
(Optional) Command parameter used for redistributing OSPF
routes into another routing protocol. For OSPF, the criterion by
which OSPF routes are redistributed into other routing
domains.
metric metric-value
(Optional) Parameter used to specify the RIP seed metric for
the redistributed route. When you are redistributing into RIP,
this value is not specified and no value is specified using the
default-metric router configuration command, then the default
metric is 0, which is interpreted as infinity, and routes will not
be redistributed. The metric for RIP is the hop count.
route-map map-tag
(Optional) Identifier of a configured route map to be
interrogated to filter the importation of routes from this source
routing protocol to the current routing protocol.
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Summary
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