Planning and cabling networks – Chapter 10: Planning and cabling networks

Planning and Cabling NetworksNetwork Fundamentals – Chapter 10 Planning and Cabling Networks Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Objectives Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Objectives
Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN connection.
Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end device connections in a LAN. – Identify the pin out configurations for straight-through and crossover cables. – Identify the different cabling types, standards and ports used for WAN connections. – Define the role of device management connections when using Cisco equipment.
Design an addressing scheme for an inter-network and assign ranges for hosts, network devices and the router interface.
Compare and contrast the importance of network designs Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LANs – Making the Physical Connections Choosing the Appropriate LAN Device 10.1.1.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Choosing the Appropriate LAN Device A hub is typically chosen as an intermediary device within a very small LAN, in a LAN that requires low throughput requirements, or when finances are limited. 10.1.1.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Selection Factors 10.1.2.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Selection Factors 10.1.2.2 Device Selection Factors
The cost of a switch is determined by 1.Capacity (port available and switching speed) 2.Features 3.Network management capabilities 4.Embedded security technologies 5.Optional advanced switching technologies Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Selection Factors Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces 10.1.2.3 Device Selection Factors Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces
Would you purchase a switch with: –Just enough ports for today's needs? –A mixture of UTP speeds? –Both UTP and fiber ports? Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Selection Factors Factors to Consider in Choosing a Router
Similar to the switch, cost and interface types and speeds must be considered as well.
Additional factors: 1. Expandability 2. Media 3. Operating System Features 10.1.2.4 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Selection Factors Expandability 1. Fixed configurations 2. Modular devices 3. Most modular devices come with a basic number of fixed ports as well as expansion slots. 4. Select the appropriate modules and interfaces for the specific media. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Selection Factors Operating System Features 1. Security 2. Quality of Service (QoS) 3. Voice over IP (VoIP) 4. Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols 5. Special services such as NAT and DHCP Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Interconnections Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected (vertical cabling) (Distribution cabling) 10.2.1.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Extra: LAN design
Main Distribution Facility (MDF).
Intermediate Distribution Facilities (IDFs)
Point of Presence (POP) Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected (permanent link ) Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Telecommunications Room
Is where connections to intermediary devices take place.
Patch cords connects between the patch panels and the intermediary devices.
Patch cables also interconnect these intermediary devices.
Also contains the servers used by the network. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Horizontal Cabling
To connect the telecommunication rooms with the work areas, 90 meters max.
This 90 meter maximum horizontal cabling distance is referred to as the permanent link because it is installed in the building structure. Backbone Cabling, or vertical cabling
To connect the telecommunication rooms to the equipment rooms, where the servers are often located. Also interconnects multiple telecommunications rooms. Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.
Be used for aggregated traffic. Backbones typically require high bandwidth media such as fiber-optic cabling. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected 1. Cable length 2. Cost 3. Bandwidth 4. Ease of installation 5. Susceptible to EMI/RFI 10.2.1.1 Type of Media Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected 10.2.1.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Cable Length
The total length: from the end devices to the intermediary device (includes from devices to wall plug, from wall plug to cross-connecting point, or patch panel, and from patch panel to the switch).
The longer the media, the more attenuation will affect the signal.
Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance. Signal attenuation and exposure to possible interference increase with cable length. Cost
Vary from media type to media type, and the staff might not realize the impact on the budget. Bandwidth
Carefully consider the bandwidth requirements depends on devices (server or single user).
Currently, the technology used in fiber-optic media offers the greatest bandwidth available among the choices for LAN media. Wireless is also supporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has limitations in distance and power consumption. Attenuation
It’s loss of signal strength as distance increases Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 10.2.1.4 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Ease of Installation
UTP cable: lightweight, flexible, small diameter, which allows it to fit into small spaces. The connectors, RJ-45 plugs: easy to install.
Fiber-optic cables: contain a thin glass fiber. Crimps or sharp bends can break the fiber. Connectors (ST, SC, MT-RJ): difficult to install and require special equipment.
Wireless networks: easier to install than UTP or fiber cable. Be effected by radio frequency devices and building construction. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Electromagnetic Interference/Radio Frequency Interference
Must be considered when choosing a media type.
Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lighting, and other communications devices, including computers and radio equipment.
Wireless is the medium most susceptible to RFI. Before using wireless technology, potential sources of interference must be identified and, if possible, minimized. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making LAN Connections 10.2.2.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making LAN Connections 10.2.2.2 Two types of UTP interfaces: MDI and MDIX Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making LAN Connections 10.2.2.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making LAN Connections 10.2.2.4 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making LAN Connections MDI/MDIX Selection
Many devices allow the UTP Ethernet port to be set to MDI or MDIX. This can be done in one of three ways, depending on the features of the device: 1. On some devices, ports may have a mechanism that electrically swaps the transmit and receive pairs. 2. Some devices allow for selecting whether a port functions as MDI or as MDIX. 3. Many newer devices have an automatic crossover feature. This feature allows the device to detect the required cable type and configures the interfaces accordingly. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections 10.2.3.1 CSU/DSU ? Winchester Connector ? Making WAN Connections Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections Making WAN Connections
Three types of connectors are commonly associated with Cisco's V.35 serial cables 1. DB 60 2. Winchester 15 pin 3. smart serial Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections 10.2.3.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections Lab Real world Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections 10.2.3.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making WAN Connections Lab 10.2.3.4 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Developing an Addressing Scheme Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com How many hosts in the network?
Number of subnets <= 2n with n is number of bits that are borrowed.
Number of hosts <= 2h - 2 with h is number of bits that are remained. 10.3.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com How many hosts in the network?
Determine the total number of hosts. Consider every device that will require an IP address, now and in the future.
The end devices requiring an IP address include: –User computers –Administrator computers –Servers –Other end devices such as printers, IP phones, and IP cameras
Network devices requiring an IP address include: –Router LAN interfaces –Router WAN (serial) interfaces
Network devices requiring an IP address for management include: –Switches –Wireless Access Points Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com How many networks?
There are many reasons to divide a network into subnets: 1. Manage Broadcast Traffic 2. Different Network Requirements 3. Security. 10.3.2 Lab 10.3.2.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork 10.3.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork
Some of the different categories for hosts are: –General users –Special users –Network resources –Router LAN interfaces –Router WAN links –Management access
In addition, remember to document your IP addressing scheme on paper. This will be an important aid in troubleshooting and evolving the network. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Calculation the Subnets Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Calculating Address: Case 1 10.4.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Calculating Address: Case 1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Calculating Address: Case 1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Calculating Address: Case 2 10.4.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device Interconnections Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Device interfaces 10.5.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Making the Device Management Connection Step 1:
Connect a computer to the console port using the console cable. The console cable has a DB-9 connector on one end and an RJ-45 connector on the other end.
Plug the DB-9 connector into an available EIA/TIA 232 serial port on the computer.
If your computer has only a USB interface, use a USB-to-serial conversion cable to access the console port. Step 2:
Open HyperTerminal (All Programs > Accessories > Communications), confirm the chosen serial port number, and then configure the port with these settings: Bits per second: 9600 bps; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop bits: 1; Flow control: None Step 3:
Press Enter key to log in 10.5.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Lab 10.6.1.1 -2 Lab 10.6.2.1-2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Lab 10.6.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com Summary Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com