HyperText Markup Language (HTML) - Part 2

CSC 330 E-CommerceTeacher Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan GM-IT CIIT Islamabad Virtual Campus, CIIT COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyT2-Lecture-2HyperText Markup Language (HTML)Part - IIFor Lecture Material/Slides Thanks to: www.w3schools.comObjectives HTML HeadHTML Styles - CSSHTML ImagesHTML TablesHTML ListsHTML BlocksHTML LayoutsHTML Forms and InputHTML iframes3T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML HeadThe HTML ElementThe element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.The following tags can be added to the head section: , , , , , , and .5T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe tag defines the title of the document required in all HTML/XHTML documents.The element:defines a title in the browser toolbarprovides a title for the page when it is added to favoritesdisplays a title for the page in search-engine resultsA simplified HTML document:Title of the documentThe content of the document...... 6T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe tag specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a page. It defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page: 7T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.The tag is mostly used to link with style sheets: CSS means Cascading Style Sheet8T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.Inside the element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:body {background-color:blue;}p {color:yellow;} 9T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementMetadata is data (information) about data.The tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata.The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services. tags always go inside the element.10T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.com Tags - ExamplesDefine keywords for search engines:Define a description of your web page:Define the author of a page:Refresh document every 30 seconds:11T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript.The element will be explained in a later chapter.12T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comReview head Elements13T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comDeprecated Tags and AttributesIn HTML 4, several formatting tags and attributes were used to style documents. These tags are not supported in newer versions of HTML.Avoid using the elements: , and , and the attributes: color and bgcolor.Solution? Use Style CSS CSS means Cascading Style Sheet14T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Styles – CSSHTML Styles - CSSCSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements.It removed the overhead of formatting every page which was very time consuming.Using styles in HTML: How to add style information inside the section ?16T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comStyling HTML with CSSCSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:Inline - using the style attribute in HTML elementsInternal - using the element in the sectionExternal - using an external CSS fileThe preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files usually adopted by the web designer.17T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comInline StylesAn inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element.To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. Example to change the text color and the left margin of a paragraph:This is a paragraph. 18T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comInline Style – using style attributesDefine the background-color using style attribute:ExampleThis is a headingThis is a paragraph.The background-color property override the previously defined background color in the block 19T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comInline Style Font, Color and Size attributesDefine font-family, color, and font-size properties using style attributes:ExampleA headingA paragraph.The font-family, color, and font-size properties override the previously defined attributes:20T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Style Example - Text AlignmentDefine text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text using style attributes:Example Center-aligned heading This is a paragraph.demo!!!21T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comInternal Style SheetAn internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the section of an HTML page, by using the tag, like this:body {background-color:yellow;}p {color:blue;} demo !!!22T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comExternal Style SheetAn external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the tag. The tag goes inside the section: 23T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comSample CSS File “myfile.css”T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.combody { font-family: arial; }h1 { background-color:#CCC; border: 1px solid; color:#39F; text-align: center; }table { background-color: #F60; border: 1px solid #39F; width: 100%; }td { border: 0px; text-align: center; }p { color:#09F;text-indent: 20px; }Review Style Tags25T2-Lecture-1 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML TablesHTML TablesHTML Table Example:27T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML TablesTables are defined with the tag.A table is divided into rows with the tag. (tr : table row)A row is divided into data cells with the tag. (td : table data)A row can be divided into headings with the tag. (th :table heading)The elements are the data containers in the table. The elements can contain all sorts of HTML elements like text, images, lists, other tables, etc.The width of a table can be defined using CSS.Example  Jill  Smith   50  Eve  Jackson   94 28T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Table HeadingsTable headings are defined with the tag.By default, all major browsers display table headings as bold and centered:Example  Firstname  Lastname   Points  Eve  Jackson   94 To left-align the table headings, use the CSS text-align property:Exampleth{text-align:left;} 29T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comAn HTML Table with Cell PaddingCell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders.If you do not specify a padding, the table cells will be displayed without padding. To set the padding, use the CSS padding property:Exampleth,td{padding:15px;}30T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comAn HTML Table with Cell SpacingCell spacing specifies the space between the cells.To set the cell spacing for the table, use the CSS border-spacing property:Exampletable{border-spacing:5px;}demo !!!31T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Table Tags32T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML ListsHTML ListsAn ordered list: The first list item The second list item The third list item An unordered list: List item List item List item34The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:HTML ListsT2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Unordered ListsAn unordered list starts with the tag. Each list item starts with the tag.The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles). Coffee  Milk  How the browser displays:CoffeeMilk35T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Ordered ListsAn ordered list starts with the tag. Each list item starts with the tag.The list items are marked with numbers.CoffeeMilk How the browser displays:CoffeeMilk36T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Description ListsA description list is a list of terms/names, with a description of each term/name.The tag defines a description list.The tag is used in conjunction with (defines terms/names) and (describes each term/name):Coffee- black hot drinkMilk- white cold drink How the browser displays:Coffee- black hot drinkMilk- white cold drink37T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comReview List Tags38T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML BlocksHTML Block ElementsHTML elements can be grouped together with and .Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or as inline elements.Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line when displayed in a browser.Examples: , , , 40T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Inline ElementsInline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line. Examples: , , , 41T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe HTML element is a block level element that can be used as a container for grouping other HTML elements.The element has no special meaning. Except that, it tells the browser to display a line break before and after the block.When used together with CSS, the element can be used to set style attributes to large blocks of content.Another common use of the element, is for document layout. It replaces the "old way" of defining layout using tables. Which was incorrect as the correct use/ purpose of the element is to display tabular data.42T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe HTML ElementThe HTML element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.The element has no special meaning. When used together with CSS, the element set style attributes to parts of the text within the block section.43T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comReview Grouping Tags44T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML LayoutsWebsite LayoutsWeb page layout is very important to make your website look good.Design your webpage layout very carefully.Most websites put their content in multiple columns (formatted like a magazine or newspaper).Multiple columns are created by using or elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.46T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Layouts - Using TablesA simple way of creating layouts is by using the HTML tag.Multiple columns are created by using or elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.Using to create a nice layout is NOT the correct use of the element. The purpose of the element is to display tabular data!47T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comUsing ElementsExample uses five div elements to create a multiple column layout: demo !!! CSC 330 E-Commerce color:#FFD700;height:200px;width:100px;float:left;"> Track-2 HTML CSS XML JavaScript PHP color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;float:left;"> Covers Basic Web Technologis Copyright © W3Schools.com / vcomsats.edu.pk 48T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comUseful Tips for Page layoutThe biggest advantage of using CSS is that, we place the CSS code in an external style sheet, our site becomes MUCH EASIER to maintain. we can change the layout of all pages by editing one file. Advanced layouts take time to create, so a quicker option is to use a template. Google provides free website templates (these are pre-built website layouts you can use and customize).49T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comReview Layout Tags50T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Forms and InputHTML Forms and inputHTML Forms are used to select different user inputs.are used to pass data to a server.can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.The tag is used to create an HTML form:.input elements.52T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe Input ElementThe most important form element is the element. The element is used to select user information.An element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.53T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comText FieldsThe most common input type is text: defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:First name: Last name:  54T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comPassword Field defines a password field:Password:  Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).55T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comRadio Buttons defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:MaleFemale 56T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comCheckboxes defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.I have a bikeI have a car  57T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comSubmit Button defines a submit button.A submit button is used to send data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input.58T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML Form Tags59T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comHTML iframesHTML IframesAn iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.Syntax for adding an iframe: The URL points to the location of the separate page.61T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comIframe - Set Height and WidthThe height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe.The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").Example62T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comIframe - Remove the BorderThe frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe.Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:Example63T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comReview iframe Tag64T2-Lecture-2 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan www.w3schools.comThe End HPML Part-IIThank You