Bài giảng môn Mạng máy tính - Chapter 2: Static routing

1Chapter 2 - Static Routing CCNA Exploration 4.0 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 2 Objectives • Define the general role a router plays in networks. • Describe the directly connected networks, different router interfaces • Examine directly connected networks in the routing table and use the CDP protocol • Describe static routes with exit interfaces • Describe summary and default route • Examine how packets get forwarded when using static routes • Identify how to manage and troubleshoot static routes Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 3 Routers and Network Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 4 Role of the Router • Routers are primarily responsible for interconnecting networks by: 1. Determining the best path to send packets 2. Forwarding packets toward their destination Role of the Router • The router's routing table is used to find the best match between the destination IP of a packet and a network address in the routing table. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 5 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 6 Introducing the topology 2.1.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 7 Introducing the topology 2.1.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 8 Reference: Cisco router 1841’s Component Product Description Quantity CISCO1841 Modular Router w/2xFE, 2 WAN slots, 32 FL/128 DR 1 CAB-ACE Power Cord Europe 1 S184IPB-12406T Cisco 1841 IOS IP BASE W/O CRYPTO 1 WIC-2T 2-Port Serial WAN Interface Card 1 CAB-SS-V35FC V.35 Cable, DCE Female to Smart Serial, 10 Feet 2 CAB-SS-V35MT V.35 Cable, DTE Male to Smart Serial, 10 Feet 2 MEM1800-32CF 32MB Cisco 1800 Compact Flash 1 ROUTER-SDM-CD CD for SDM software 1 CON-OSP- CISCO1841 ONSITE 24X7X4 Modular Router w/2xF 1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 9 Cable Standards 2.1.3.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 10 Cable Standards Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 11 Cable for LAN/WAN interfaces Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 12 Examining the Connections of the Router • DB-60 port and Smart port (five-in-one serial port) support the EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, and EIA/TIA-530 standards Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 13 Examining the Connections of the Router • Straight through: – Switch-to-Router, Switch-to-PC, Router-to-Server, Hub-to-PC, Hub- to-Server • Cross-over: – Switch-to-Switch, PC-to-PC, Switch-to-Hub, Hub-to-Hub, Router-to- Router Lab 2.1.3.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 14 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 15 Router Configuration Review Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 16 Examining Router Interfaces 1. show ip route command – used to view routing table 2. show interfaces command – used to show status of an interface 3. show ip interface brief command – used to show a portion of the interface information 4. show running-config command – used to show configuration file in RAM 2.2.1 Q/A R1#show interfaces fastethernet 0/0 FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 17 Configuring an Ethernet Interface R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown The following message is returned from the IOS: *Mar 1 01:16:08.212: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 01:16:09.214: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 18 2.2.2.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 19 Configuring an Ethernet Interface What is a problem ? Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 20 Logging Synchronous Command Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 21 Extra: Testing using the OSI Model Configuring an Ethernet Interface • Reading the Routing Table Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 22 2.2.2.2 Verifying Ethernet Interfaces Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 23 2.2.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 24 Verifying Ethernet Interfaces • The IOS will return the following error message if you attempt to configure the second interface with the same IP subnet as the first interface: R1(config-if)#int fa0/1 R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.0 172.16.3.0 overlaps with FastEthernet0/0 R1(config-if)# Lab 2.2.3.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 25 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 26 Configuring a Serial Interfaces R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1#show interfaces serial 0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down R2(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2#show interfaces serial 0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is down 2.2.4 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 27 Examining Router Interfaces 2.2.5.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 28 Examining Router Interfaces • A WAN Physical Layer connection has sides:
Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) – This is the service provider. CSU/DSU is a DCE device.
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) – Typically the router is the DTE device. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 29 Examining Router Interfaces • Note: WIC-2a/s support maximum clock rate is 128000 bps Configuring serial links in a lab environment 2.2.5.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 30 Clock Rate Command RouterB(config)#inter serial 1 RouterB(config-if)#clock rate ? Speed (bits per second) 1200 2400 4800 9600 2000000 4000000 Choose clockrate from list above RouterB(config-if)#clock rate 64000 RouterB(config-if)# Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 31 Examining Router Interfaces Verifying the Serial Interface Configuration 2.2.5.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 32 Verifying Changes to the Routing Table • The routing table consists of a list of "known" network addresses - that is, those addresses that are directly connected, configured statically, and learned dynamically. 2.3.1.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 33 Verifying Changes to the Routing Table • Observing Routes as They are Added to the Routing Table • debug ip routing command will let us see any changes that the router performs when adding or removing routes. 2.3.1.2 Debug Command •Router# debug ip routing •Router# no debug ip routing •Router#undebug all • (# u all) Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 34 Lab 2.3.1.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 35 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 36 Devices on Directly Connected Networks • When a router only has its interfaces configured, and the routing table contains the directly connected networks but no other routes, only devices on those directly connected networks are reachable. 2.3.2.1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 37 Devices on Directly Connected Networks 2.3.2.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 38 Extra: Directly Connected Networks and the IP Routing Table RTA# debug ip routing RTA(config)#inter e 0 RTA(config-if)#shutdown 00:34:38: RT: interface Ethernet0 removed from routing table 00:34:38: RT: del 192.168.2.0 via 0.0.0.0, connected metric [0/0] 00:34:38: RT: delete network route to 192.168.2.0 RTA#show ip route Codes: C - connected,.. RTA# undebug all Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 39 Extra: Directly Connected Networks and the IP Routing Table RTA#show ip route Codes: C - connected,.. C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 RTB#show ip route Codes: C - connected,.. C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 RTC#show ip route Codes: C - connected,.. C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24 .1 .1.2 .2 RTA RTB RTC 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 10.0.0.0/8 s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 40 Extra: Directly Connected Networks and the IP Routing Table RTA#show ip route C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 RTA#ping 172.16.0.1 !!!!! RTA#ping 172.16.0.2 !!!!! RTA#ping 192.168.1.1 ..... RTA#ping 192.168.1.2 ..... RTA#ping 10.1.0.1 ..... 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24 .1 .1.2 .2 RTA RTB RTC 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 10.1.0.0/16 s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 41 Extra: Extended Ping Command RTA#show ip route C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 RTB#show ip route Codes: C - connected,.. C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 RTA#ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 172.16.0.2 Extended commands [n]: y Source address or interface: 192.168.2.1 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... RTA#ping 172.16.0.2 source 192.168.2.1 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24 .1 .1.2 .2 RTA RTB RTC 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 10.1.0.0/16 s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0 Extended PING • Ping A.B.C.D source A.B.C.D • or • Ping Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 42 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 43 Extra: Lists the possible output characters from the Ping facility Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 44 Extra: IP Traceroute Text Characters Lab 2.3.2.3 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 45 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 46 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) • CDP is an information-gathering tool used by network administrators to get information about directly connected Cisco devices. • CDP is a proprietary tool that enables you to access a summary of protocol and address information about Cisco devices that are directly connected. 2.3.3-4 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 47 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) CDP Operation • CDP runs at the Data Link layer connecting the physical media to the upper-layer protocols (ULPs). • Cisco network devices, such as routers that support different Network layer protocols (for example, IP and Novell IPX), can learn about each other • CDP provides the following information about each CDP neighbor device: – Device identifiers – Address list – Port identifier – Capabilities list – Platform Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 48 Default Setting Feature Default Setting CDP global state Enabled CDP interface state Enabled CDP holdtime (packet holdtime in seconds) 180 CDP timer (packets sent every x seconds) 60 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 49 Using CDP for Network Discovery • The information gathered by the CDP protocol can be examined with the show cdp neighbors command. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 50 Using CDP for Network Discovery Field Definition Device ID The name of the neighbor device and either the MAC address or the serial number of this device. Local Intrfce The protocol being used by the connectivity media. Holdtme The remaining amount of time (in seconds) the current device will hold the CDP advertisement from a sending router before discarding it. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 51 Using CDP for Network Discovery Capability (Capability Codes) Capability (type of routing device) of the listed neighboring device. The capability types that can be discovered are: R—Router T—Transparent bridge B—Source-routing bridge S—Switch H—Host I— device is using IGMP r—Repeater Platform The product number of the device. Port ID The protocol and port number of the device. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 52 Using CDP for Network Discovery CDP Commands Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 53 Router# show cdp neighbors Router# show cdp neighbors detail (config)# no cdp run \\disable CDP on all interfaces (config-if)# no cdp enable \\disable CDP on an interface Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 54 CDP Commands Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 55 CDP Commands Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 56 CDP Commands Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 57 CDP Commands Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 58 Static Routes with “Next Hop” Addresses Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 59 Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route • Static routes are commonly used when routing from a network to a stub network. – A stub network is a network accessed by a single route. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 60 Purpose and Command Syntax of ip route Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 61 R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0 or R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 or R1(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0 192.168.2.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 62 Configuring Static Routes • Installing a Static Route in the Routing Table Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 63 Verifying Static Route Commands Configuring Routes to Two More Remote Networks Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 64 Routing Table Principles and Static Routes Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 65 Routing Table Principles and Static Routes • Applying the Principles Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 66 Resolving to an Exit Interface Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 67 Resolving to an Exit Interface • Exit Interface is down Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 68 RTA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2 RTA#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24 .1 .1.2 .2 RTA RTB RTC 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 10.1.0.0/16 s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0 1 2 Extra: Static Routing – Recursive Lookups • RA(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.2 • RA#ping 192.168.1.1 • RA(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 69 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 70 RTA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 RTA#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 S 10.1.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24 .1 .1.2 .2 RTA RTB RTC 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 10.1.0.0/16 s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0 1 2 3 Extra: Static Routing – Recursive Lookups • RA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 • RB(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 71 • RA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.0.0 s0/0 • RA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 s0/0 • RB(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 s0/0 • RA(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 s0/1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 72 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 73 • Route1: ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 20.1.1.1 • Route2: ip route 20.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 30.1.1.1 • Route3: ip route 30.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.1 Extra: Static Routing – Endless Recursion Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 74 Static Routes with Exit Interface Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 75 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface • Static routes can be configured with an exit interface, which allows the routing table to resolve the exit interface in a single search instead of two searches. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 76 Configuring a Static Route with an Exit Interface • Static Route and an Exit Interface Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 77 Modifying Static Routes • There are times when a previously configured static route needs to be modified: – The destination network no longer exists, and therefore the static route should be deleted. – There is a change in the topology, and either the intermediate address or the exit interface has to be changed. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 78 Verifying the Static Route Configuration
Step 1: show running-config
Step 2 verify static route has been entered correctly
Step 3: show ip route
Step 4 verify route was configured in routing table
Step 5 issue ping command to verify packets can reach destination and that Return path is working Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 79 Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces • Ethernet interfaces and ARP. – If a static route is configured on an Ethernet link, if the packet is sent to the next-hop router then • the destination MAC address will be the address of the next hop’s Ethernet interface • This is found by the router consulting the ARP table – If an entry isn’t found then an ARP request will be sent out Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 80 Static Routes with Ethernet Interfaces Static routes and Ethernet exit interfaces • With Ethernet networks, may be many different devices sharing the same multi-access network so the router does not know the next-hop IP address and it cannot determine the destination MAC address for the Ethernet frame. • RA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 f0/1 • RA(config)#ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.255.0 f0/1 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 81 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 82 • Static routes via point-to-point links – It is best to configure static routes with only the exit interface. • Static routes via broadcast networks such as Ethernet – It is best to configure static routes with both the next-hop address and the exit-interface. 172.16.0.0/16 192.168.1.0/24 .1 .1.2 .2 RTA RTB RTC 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 10.1.0.0/16 s0 s0 s1s1e0 e0 RTA(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 eth1 172.16.0.2 RTA#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Ethernet1 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.0.2 Ethernet1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 e1 e0 Extra: Static Routing – Ethernet interfaces Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 83 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 84 Summary and Default Static Routes Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 85 Summary Static Routes • Summarizing Routes to Reduce the Size of the Routing Table • Route Summarization: Multiple static routes can be summarized into a single static route if: – The destination networks can be summarized into a single network address, and – The multiple static routes all use the same exit-interface or next- hop IP address Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 86 Summary Static Routes • Configuring a Summary Route: Step 1: Delete the current static route Step 2: Configure the summary static route Step 3: Verify the new static route Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 87 • Baypointe(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • Baypointe(config)# ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • Baypointe(config)# ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 • Summarized route: Baypointe(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 192.168.1.2 Host 1 Host 2 Host 3 Hub Hub Hub S0 S0 S0 S1 E0 E0 E0 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 SanJose2 SanJose1 Baypointe .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2.2172.16.0.0/22 Extra: Summarizing static routes Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 88 Default Static Route • A default static route is a route that will match all packets. Default static routes are used: – When no other routes in the routing table match the packet's destination IP address. In other words, when a more specific match does not exist. A common use is when connecting a company's edge router to the ISP network. – When a router has only one other router to which it is connected. This condition is known as a stub router. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 89 Default Static Route • Verifying a Default Static Route Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 90 ISP 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.1/24 172.16.0.0/16 ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.1.2 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.1 RTB#show ip route Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0 C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.1.1.1 Default Extra: Common uses for Static Routes Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 91 Managing and Troubleshooting Static Route Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 92 Static Routes and Packet Forwarding • Static Routes and Packet Forwarding Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 93 Troubleshooting a Missing Route • Tools that can be used to isolate routing problems include: – ping– tests end to end connectivity – traceroute– used to discover all of the hops (routers) along the path between 2 points – show IP route – used to display routing table & ascertain forwarding process – show ip interface brief - used to show status of router interfaces – show cdp neighbors detail – used to gather configuration information about directly connected neighbors Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 94 Solving the Missing Route • Finding a missing or miss-configured route requires methodically using the correct tools – Start with ping. If ping fails then use traceroute to determine where packets are failing to arrive • Issue: show ip route to examine routing table. – If there is a problem with a miss-configured static route remove the static route then reconfigure the new static route Solving: – R2(config)#no ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial0/0/1 – R2(config)#ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0 Q/A • Which two scenarios would require an administrator to alter the static routes that are configured on that router? – The destination network no longer exists. – A topology change occurs where the existing next-hop address or exit interface is not accessible. Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 95 • R1: – Ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0 192.168.2.2 – Ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0 192.168.2.2 • R2: – Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0 192.168.2.1 – Ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 • R3: – Ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 – Ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s0/0/0 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 96 Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 97 Basic Static Route Configuration Lab Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 98 Challenge Static Route Configuration Lab Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 99 Summary Học viện mạng Bach Khoa - Website: www.bkacad.com 100