Ngữ pháp English

GRAMMAR PANORAMA LESSON 1 Grammatical Units Contents Morphemes (hình vị) Nouns (danh từ) Determiners (từ hạn định) I. MORPHEMES Let’s practice Let’s practice II. NOUNS Funtions (Chức năng ) Count / Noncount nouns Singular / Plural nouns Collective nouns Order of adjectives before a Noun Subject-verb agreement II. NOUNS Funtions (Chức năng ) Count / Noncount nouns Singular / Plural nouns Collective nouns Order of adjectives before a Noun Subject-verb agreement 1. Functions Làm chủ ngữ The children went to bed. Làm tân ngữ của động từ. I saw the thief. Làm tân ngữ của giới từ He is listening to music. II. NOUNS Funtions (Chức năng ) Count / Noncount nouns Singular / Plural nouns Collective nouns Order of adjectives before a Noun Subject-verb agreement 2. Count / Noncount Nouns Find countable and uncountable nouns II. NOUNS Funtions (Chức năng ) Count / Noncount nouns Singular / Plural nouns Collective nouns Order of adjectives before a Noun Subject-verb agreement 3. Singular / Plural Nouns 3.1. Plural forms of nouns 3.2. Pronunciation of final –s / -es 3. Singular / Plural Nouns 3.1. Plural forms of nouns 3.2. Pronunciation of final –s / -es 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS one potato six potatoes PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one dream two dreams one boat two boats one shoe two shoes (a) most plural nouns add –s PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one wish two wishes one latch two latches one glass two glasses one mix two mixes (b) add –es endings: –sh, –ch, –ss, –x PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one story two stories one party two parties (c) –y –i and add –es endings: consonant + –y PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one boy two boys one ray two rays (d) add –s endings: vowel + –y PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one life two lives one shelf two shelves (e) –fe or –f –ves endings: –fe or –f Exceptions: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, cuffs, cliffs PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS PLURAL one potato two potatoes one piano two pianos one zero two zeroes/zeros (f) sometimes –oes sometimes –os endings: –o SINGULAR PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one child two children one goose two geese one tooth two teeth (g) irregular plural forms PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL Man Woman Person Louse Mouse Tooth Foot Goose Child Ox More irregular plural nouns 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one deer two deer one sheep two sheep one species two species (h) plural form = singular form PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 6-2 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS SINGULAR PLURAL one bacterium two bacteria one cactus two cacti one crisis two crises one phenomenon two phenomena (i) foreign plurals PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 3. Plural NounsDanh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều 6-2 LET’S PRACTICE one goat two ______ goats Let’s practice 6-2 LET’S PRACTICE one ape many ____ apes Let’s practice 6-2 LET’S PRACTICE one stitch many ______ stitches Let’s practice 6-3 SUBJECTS, VERBS, AND OBJECTS The boys are happy. PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 3. Singular / Plural Nouns 3.1. Plural forms of nouns 3.2. Pronunciation of final –s / -es 6-1 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES (a) eats = eat/s/ taps = tap/s/ bikes = bike/s/ /s/ as in “bus” voiceless sounds PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 6-1 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES (a) eats = eat/s/ taps = tap/s/ bikes = bike/s/ laughs = laugh/s/ /s/ as in “bus” voiceless sounds examples: /t/, /p/, /k/, /f/ PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 6-1 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES (b) reads = read/z/ jars = jar/z/ paws = paw/z/ /z/ as in “buzz” voiced sounds PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 6-1 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES (b) reads = read/z/ jars = jar/z/ paws = paw/z/ /z/ as in “buzz” voiced sounds examples: /d/, /r/, /l/, /m/, /b/, all vowel sounds PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 6-1 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES (c) wishes = wish/ z/ catches = catch/ z/ glasses = glass/ z/ sizes = size/ z/ wages = wage/ z/ judges = judge/ z/ / z/ adds a syllable –s/–es pronounced / z/ ә ә ә ә ә ә ә ә PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES 6-1 PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES (c) wishes = wish/ z/ catches = catches/ z/ glasses = glass/ z/ sizes = size/ z/ wages = wage/ z/ judges = judge/ z/ ә ә ә ә ә ә / z/ adds a syllable -s/-es pronounced / z/ after –sh, –ch, –s, –z, –ge / –dge sounds ә ә PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -S/-ES cupcakes = cupcake__ 6-1 LET’S PRACTICE a. /s/ b. /z/ c. / z/ e /s/ Let’s practice watches = watch___ 6-1 LET’S PRACTICE a. /s/ b. /z/ c. / z/ e / z/ e Let’s practice cars = car__ 6-1 LET’S PRACTICE a. /s/ b. /z/ c. / z/ e /z/ Let’s practice Complete the sentences with the plural form of the words in brackets: The farmer took all his … into the field. (sheep) “Time for bed!” Lucy told the … (child). I’m sure there are … under the stairs. (mouse). The grass was covered with dead … (leaf). The cook like her … to be very sharp. (knife). Tom brushes his … three times a day. (tooth). Most of the … in our village work at the local factory. (man). People say that cats have nine … (life). “I’m coming!” shouted Hazel, and jumped to her … (foot). There were three … waiting at the bus stop. (woman). Let’s practice 4. Collective Nouns Thông thường, danh từ tập hợp đi với động từ số ít. Cụm từ chỉ nhóm động vật  A flock of birds, a school of fish, a herd of cattle, a pride of lions, a pack of dogs,… 5. Order of adjectives before a Noun 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT The history of the pyramids is very interesting. 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT SINGULAR SINGULAR (a) The earth spins. (b) Dogs bark. singular subject singular verb plural subject plural verb PLURAL PLURAL verb + -s noun + -s 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT SINGULAR SINGULAR (c) Our teacher comes from Madrid. (d) Our teacher and her son come from Madrid. subject + and + subject plural verb PLURAL PLURAL 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (e) The giant pandas in the zoo eat bamboo. (f) That money in my back pocket is for the rent. phrases between subject & verb don’t change subject / verb agreement 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (g) There is a star in the sky. (h) There are many stars in the sky. There + be + subject something in a place v s v s verb agrees with noun that follows be 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (i) Every star is shining. (j) Everybody/Everyone loves ice cream. Every a singular word Subjects with every a singular verb Every stars 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (k) People in Honduras speak Spanish. People a plural noun takes a plural verb 6. Subject-verb agreement 6-7 LET’S PRACTICE The morning air feels refreshing. subject ? verb correct ? yes no yes ____ Let’s practice ____ 6-7 LET’S PRACTICE Everybody like dancing. subject ? verb correct ? yes no no Let’s practice 6-7 LET’S PRACTICE The students in this class work hard. subject ? verb correct ? yes no yes ____ Let’s practice Let’s practice III. DETERMINERS Article (mạo từ): a / an / the Possessive adjectives (Tính từ sở hữu): my, your, our, their, his, her, its. Demonstrative pronouns (đại từ chỉ định): this, that, these, those Quantifiers (từ chỉ số lượng): Sáng lập viên kiêm giám đốc điều hành: Người đàn ông giàu có: Người quản lý sản xuất thông minh: Những người kỹ sư Hàn Quốc: Người giám đốc tiếp thị đến từ nước Đức. Cô sinh viên đại học: Người trợ lý xuất sắc: Một hình xăm nhỏ trên tay phải: Nghệ sĩ người Áo thiên tài: Cầu thủ bóng đá người Brazil: Translation practice