Một số kết quả nghiên cứu về cây hoàng lan (Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook .f. & Thomson_ trồng ở huyện Giồng Trôm, tỉnh Bến Tre

HQI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN QUOC V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT UkN THLf BA MOT SO KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VE CAY HOANG LAN {CANANGA ODORATA (Lamk.) Hook. f. & Thomson) TRONG Of HUYEN GIONG TROM, TINH BEN TRE PHAM VAN NGQT, QUACH VAN TOAN EM, TRAN CONG DANH Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm, Dgi hpc Quoc gia Tp. Ho Chi Minh Loai Hoing lan (Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook.f. & Thomson) thugc hg Na (Annonaceae) da dugc trdng tap trang quy md sin xuat hang hda d nhieu nude nhu Philippin, quin dao Comoros, Reunion, Inddnexia, tinh Quang Ddng - Trung Qudc, dio Madagascar... Loai nay dugc trdng khi nhieu d chung quanh nha dan, d cdng vien rai ric tren khip dit nude ta nhung chi de lam cinh. Cdng trinh nay nghien ciru mdt sd dieu kifn sinh thii thich hgp cho sy sinh tracing va phit frien cua ciy Hoing Ian frdng d huyfn Gidng Trdm, tinh Ben Tre, lam co sd cho vifc de xuat frdng dai tra de lay tinh diu. I. PHUOTNIG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 1. Dja diem nghien ciru Ciy Hoang lan dugc trong d xa Chau Hda, huyen Gidng Trdm thudc tinh Ben Tre. Dja diem nghien ciiu nam trong vimg khi hau nhift ddi can xich dao cd nhiet dg trang binh hing nim tir 26 - 27°C; lucmg mua trung binh hang nam tu 1.250-1.500mm. Trong nim cd 2 miiaro rft, miia mua tir thing 5 den thing 11; miia khd tir thing 11 den thing 4 nim sau. 2. Phuo'ng phap nghien ciru - Thu hii cic qui Hoang lan chin tir nhtrng cay trdng d chung quanh cic nha din d huyen Gidng Trdm, tinh Ben Tre. Sau do bdc vd qua vi thu liy nhirng hat chac. Cic hat dugc phoi ngoai nang 3 ngiy. Gieo uom hat Hoang lan vao thing 12 nam 2006 trong tiii bau 10 x 15cm, din khi ciy cd 8-10 li dem trdng xen vdi Chudi (cay cao khoang lm) vio thing 3 nim 2007 theo so dd hmh 1. ^ - Tien hinh ngit nggn cay d vj tri 2m tinh tir mat dit vi chat bd Chuoi khi cay Hoang lan cao hom 2m. Cd 3 Id thi nghifm: Id 1 khdng tia thua Hoang lan (mat do 2 x 2m), Id 2 tia thua dl cd mat do 2 x 4m, Id 3 tia thua dl cd mat dg 4 x 4m. - Moi Id thi nghiem theo ddi 30 cay. Cac Id thi nghiem dugc bdn phan, tudi nude va chim sdc nhu nhau. — 'MiWas uJ*c c&r cliii*! Hinh 7: So do bo tri thi nghifm trong cay Hoang lan xen voi Chuoi - Do chieu cao cay va dudng kinh than cay (d vj tri 2 Ii diu tien). - Su dung miy ANNA Fll de do cudng dg anh sing d mdi Id thi nghifm. Diing miy Testo 635 de do do am va nhiet do khdng khi. - Cac sd lieu dugc xir ly thdng ke vdi phin mim Excel 2003. 1030 HOI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT L \N THU BA II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN 1. Mgt so dac diem sinh thai is noi trong cay Hoang lan - Thinh phin Ii hoi dit: Dit d noi trong Hoing lan cd ti If set cao tu 47-49%, ti If thjt 41- 43%, hoi chua d cac tang 0-80 cm, thinh phan dinh dudng trang binh. Vio miia mua dit im ircit, d dg siu 40cm cd nude. Vao miia khd dit ting 0-20 cm hoi khd, cic ting tir 20-60 cm dit im udt va d do sau 60 cm cd nude (bing 1). Bdng 1 Thanh phan co gidi va hoa hgc ciia dat trong cay Hoang lan Loai dat 0-20 cm 20-40 cm 40-60 cm 60-80 cm Thanh phan CO gioi (%) Cat 10 11 10 10 Thit 42 42 43 41 Set 48 47 47 49 CH 0) 2 4.9 4,9 5,3 5,4 CHC (%) 2,40 1,66 1,64 1,89 De tieu (mg/kg) N 26 22 19 26 P2O5 20 4,9 4,3 9,2 K2O 226 160 154 130 Tong so (%) N 0,136 0,113 0,115 0,117 P2O5 0,092 0,072 0,065 0,061 K2O 0,923 1,06 1,02 0,988 (Ket qua phan tich ciia Vifn KHKT Nong nghifp mien Nam - 8/2006) - Anh sang: Cudng dg anh sang d noi trdng Hoing lan xen vdi Chudi va bj Chudi che bdng chi cdn tir 5.900-7.400 lux so vdi noi khdng che tir 19.000- 42.000 lux. - Nhift dg va dg am khdng khi noi trdng ciy Hoing Ian: Nhift dg khdng khi bien ddi khdng nhilu. Nhift dg dao dgng tir 26°C den 28,5°C. Do am khdng khi tai cic Id thi nghifm dao ddng tir76%-87%. - Sy phit trien hf re cua cay Hoang lan va Chuoi: Song trong dieu kifn myc nude ngam chi each mit dit tir 50 den 60cm nen hf re ciia Hoing Ian khdng the phit trien siu dugc. Re chinh ciia Hoang lan chi dii khoing 60cm, cdn cic re ben phit trien manh, dii den tren lm de giup cajidimg viimg tren nen dat, hut nude va muoi khoang. Cay Hoang Ian trdng xen vdi Chudi thi hf re ciia Chudi vi hf rl ciia Hoing Ian dan xen nhau de canh tranh ve chit dinh dudng. Rd ring khi trong Hoang Ian xen vdi Chudi thi cd sy canh tranh giira 2 loii niy ve khdng gian sdng, ve ngudn dinh dudng va ve inh sing (hinh 2). . R i hoAng lan Re chuOTi Hinh 2: Hf re cua cay Hoing lan 1031 HOI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN Q U 6 C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT LAN THU BA 2. Sy phat trien cQa Chuoi Sau khoing 8 thing trong thi 90% so cay Chuoi trd buong. Den khi tiln hanh ngit ngpn Hoang lan ta cd thi thu hoach cac budng Chudi chin. 3. Sy sinh trudng cua cay Hoang lan - Ti If sdng cua cay Hoang lan: Cay Hoang lan frong d 3 Id thi nghiem cd ti If song 100% qua 2 nam trdng vi khdng bj sau bfnh. Chi cd mdt sd ciy bi bg dira in li non. - Sy tang tradng dudng kinh than cay va chieu cao cay: Mdt sd ket qua ve sinh tmdng ve dudng kinh than cay va chilu cao cay Hoing Ian dugc trinh bay d bang 2. Nhan xet: - Sau 1 nam trong xen vdi Chuoi, cac cay Hoing lan d 3 Id thi nghifm dat chieu cao cay trung binh tir 2I7,80cm-222,30cm va dudng kinh than cay trung binh tir 4,65-4,71cm. Sy sai khic vl chilu cao cay va dudng kinh than cay trang binh d 3 Id thi nghiem Ii khdng cd y nghia. Luc niy cay Hoing lan frdng d 3 Id chua khep tin, cay cd dudng kinh tan trung binh 0,8-0,9m. - Khi trong Hoing Ian xen Chudi vdi mat dg 2m x 2m do Chudi sinh trudng nhanh nen sau 7-8 thing trdng, cic cay Chuoi cao 3-4m, tin Ii phit frien da che ngudn sang den cay Hoang lan (cudng dg sang chi cdn 5.900-7.400 lux). Cay Hoang lan sinh tradng manh ve chieu cao de vuon len giinh liy inh sang vi thi cay trd nen yeu dt. - Cay Hoang lan cd dudng kinh than trang bmh dat tir 8,99-9,22cm vao thing 5/2009. d 16 1 cay Hoang Ian cd dudng kinh than cay kem hem d Id 2 va Id 3. Dudng kinh than ciy Hoang lan d Id 2 va Id 3 khac nhau khdng cd y nghia. Trdng Hoang lan mat dg 2 x 2m da lam cho cay sinh trudng ve duomg kinh than kem hon mat dg 2 x 4m va 4 x 4m nhung khdng nhieu bdi vi cay con nhd, chi mdi khep tin vao thing 03-2009. ' Bdng 2 Chieu cao cay (cm) va dirdng kinh than (cm) cay Hoang lan Thing theo doi 3 - 2007 5 - 2007 7 - 2007 9 - 2007 11- 2007 1 - 2008 3 - 201)8 5 - 2008 7 - 2008 9 - 2008 11-2008 1 - 2009 3 - 2009 5 - 2009 Lo 1 (2m X 2m) Duong kinh than (cm) 0,41 ±0,09 0,62 ±0,14 0,86 ±0,18 1,18 ±0,20 2,54 ± 0,25 3,86 ±0,18 4,65 ± 0,32 5,41 ±0,28 6,25 ± 0,25 7,16 ±0,30 7,72 ± 0,32 8,35 ±0,25 8,66 ± 0,28 8,99 ± 0,37 Chieu cao cay (cm) 9,87 ± 1,35 16,26 ±2,35 44,50 ±3,57 65,82 ±5,80 120,54 ±6,05 178,43 ±7,46 220,43 ± 10,36 202,90 ±1,08 203,68 ±1,24 204,50 ± 1,15 204,65 ± 1,26 204,80 ±1,18 204,81 ± 1,05 204,81 ± 1,08 Lo 2 (2m X 4m) Dirdng kinh than (cm) 0,37 ± 0,07 0,58 ±0,12 0,91 ±0,15 1,30 ±0,24 2,72 ± 0,26 4,13 ±0,31 4,71 ±0,34. 5,45 ± 0,37 6,24 ± 0,32 7,30 ± 0,40 7,91 ±0,36 8,57 ±0,28 8,91 ±0,35 9,06 ± 0,42 Chieu cao cay (cm) 9,49 ±1,22 16,08 ±2,68 43,72 ± 3,60 64,56 ± 5,45 118,80 ± 6,54 .176,26 ± 7,8a 222,30 ± 8,58 203,63 ± 0,84 •"203,92 ±1,32 ~204,25±1,10 204,27 ±1,13 204,50 ±1,14_ 204,52 ±1,02 204,52 ±1,12 Lo 3 (4m X 4m) Duongkmh than (an) 0,40 ± 0,08 0,63 ±0,13 0,90 ±0,16 1,32 ±0,22 2,68 ± 0,28 4,09 ± 0,20 4,67 ±0,18 5,38 ± 0,25 6,30 ±0,28 7,22 ±0,31 7,88 ± 0,28 8,54 ± 0,25 8,95 ± 0,24 9,22 ± 0,27 Chieu cao cay (cm) 9,56 ±1,16 16,30 ±2,75 45,64 ± 3,78 67,24 ± 4,65 117,55 ±6,38 179,38 ±7,37 217,80±8,90_ 203,17 ±0,90 203,85 ±1,26_ 204,28 ±1^ 204,28 ±221 204,28 ± J ^ 2M^y2±^ 204,32 ±_M2_ Ghi chu: thing 3 nim 2008 chit bd Chuoi, ngit nggn d vi tri 2m va tia thua d Id 2 va Id 3. 1032 HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT LAN THU BA < • i : •\«;VNf,S»'t.<'i'''^ Hinh 3: Cay Hoing lan sau 10 thing trong ^'^-'%m^'':^f^^^^' B ^ . t l Hinh 4: Cay Hoang lan sau 2 nam trong (16 2m x 2m) ^^' •=- t«r '^^ ////?/i 5: Cay Hoang lan sau 2 nam trong (16 2m x 4m) V .^;*-,:i^ ;V.'rr*;^ ;5.'i.'e-j',l.'«5^ Win/i (5: Cay Ho&ng lan sau 2 nam trong (Id 4m x 4m) Hinh 7: Hoa Hoing lan thu hai tir nhung cay trong b huyfn Giong Trom 4. Kha nang ra hoa ciia Hoang lan trong d huyfn Giong Trdm Hoang lan trong d huyfn Giong Trdm bit diu ra hoa vio thing 11 nim 2008. Tuy nhien so hoa cd rit it vi chi cd 30% sd ciy ra hoa d ca 3 Id tiii nghifm. Din thing 4 nim 2009 ciy Hoing lan ra hoa nhilu hon vi 100% ciy ra hoa. Ning suit hoa thu hai dugc trmh biy d bing 3. Bdng 3 Lugng hoa trung binh (g/cay) ciia mgt cay Hoang lan Lan thu hai 18/4/2009 25/4/2009 3/5/2009 10/5/2009 Tong cfng Lo 2m X 2m 12,77 ±5,51 32,57 ±8,78 17,70 ±6,76 4,50 ±3,85 67,53 ±11,79 Lo 2m X 4m 14,17 ±5,86 36,87 ±9,28 15,83 ±5,11 5,07 ±3,86 71,93 ±13,45 Lo 4m X 4m 13,63 ±6,19 30,10 ±7,74 19,87 ±6,26 3,80 ±3,47 67,40 ±11,03 Nhan xet: Qua 4 dgt thu hii hoa Hoing Ian cho thay lugng hoa trang binh ciia mgt ciy tir 67,40g/cay den 71,93g/cay. Cd le d giai doan 2 nim tudi do cay cdn nhd, ciy mdi khep tin (d Id 2m X 2m) nen mat dg trong cay anh hudng chua rd den khi ning ra hoa ciia ciy. 5. Ve th^nh phan hda hgc ciia tinh dau Hoang lan Ket qui nghien ciru budc dau ciia Pham Vin Nggt va cgng sy (2009) vl tinh dau Hoing Ian tir nhirng cay trong 3 nam tudi d huyfn Giong Trdm dugc trich ly bing phuong phap chung cat hoi nude la 0,65ml/100g hoa, vdi phuong phip trich bing ether diu hda la l,27ml/100g hoa va thanh phan hda hgc chinh trong tinh diu hoa Hoang lan la ben2yl benzoat, benzyl acetate, linalool, geranyl acetate. 1033 HOI NGHI KHOA HOC TOAN Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUY£N SINH VAT L^ N^ THLf BA m . KET LUAN VA DE NGHJ - Sau 1 nim frong Hoang lan xen vdi Chudi d huyfn Giong Trdm, tinh Bfn Tre tii nhthig cay con cd 8-10 Ii, cac cay Hoang lan dat chieu cao fren 2m va 90%) cay Chudi cd buong Chudi chin. - Ngit nggn d vj tri 2m va chit bd Chudi, cay Hoang lan bit diu ra hoa liic 1,5 nim tuli. Lugng hoa thu dugc chua nhieu va chira dn dinh. - Trong Hoang lan vdi mat dg 2m x 2m cay khep tan sau 2 nim frdng va cay sinh trudng kem hon cac Id trdng dugc tia thua. - Can tiep tyc theo doi sy sinh trudng va phit trien, nghien ciiu ve ning suit, chit lugng tinh dau va hifu qui kinh te ciia cay Hoang lan. TAI L i f u THAM KHAO 1. Harley I. Manner, Craig R. Elevitch, 2006: Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang). Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, in www.fraditionaItree.org. 10 pp. 2. L5 Dinh Moi, Dirong Dire Huyen, 2002: Cay Hoang lan {Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook.f & Thomson). Tai nguyen thyc vat Ddng Nam A: 3-9. NXB. Ndng nghifp. 3. Pham \in Nggt, Nguyen Thj Anh Tuyet, Tran Thuy Kim Ha, 2009: Tap chi Khoa hgc ty nhien, Tradng D^i hgc Su pham TP.HCM: 95-102. 4. Umi Kalsom Yusuf, V.O. Sinohin, 1999: Cananga odprata (Lamk.) Hook.f & Thomson. In: L.P.A. Cyan and Nguyen Xuan Dung (Editors). Plant Resources of South - East Asia. No 19. Essential-oil plants: 70-77. Backhuys Publishers Leiden. RESULTS OF STUDY ON YLANG YLANG TREE {CANANGA ODORATA (Lamk.) Hook.f. & Thomson) CULTIVATED IN GIONG TROM DISTRICT, BEN TRE PROVINCE PHAM VAN NGOT, QUACH VAN TOAN EM, TRAN CONG DANH SUMMARY Cananga odorata, is called Ngoc Lan Tay in Vietnam and it is also known as Ylang-Ylang tree. The 8-10 leaf seedlings were intercropped with bananas at a density of a 2m x 2 m spacing in Giong Trom disfrict, Ben Tre province. Major components of the soil are clay (47-49%) and silt (41- 43%o). The soil is slightly acidic with underground water at the depth of 40 - 60cm. One year after planting, the trees have reached 217.8 - 220.5 cm in height and 5.38 - 5.45 cm in diameter (measured at the first two leaves); while about 90%) of the bananas frees producing frait. Subsequently, all banana trees were removed and tops of C. odorata trees were also cut off at a distance of 2m from the ground. This is a frial on density of 3 levels. A non-thinning plot is considered as control. The second freatment is maintained at a density of 2m x 4m and in the third freatment, a density of 4m x 4m is maintained. Observations were taken to measure size of trees at one year after removal of free's tops. It was recorded that there was not much difference in diameter of free in all three freatments and the average was about 8.66 cm. After 0.5 year of the top removal, the trees started flowering and the quantity of flowers collected 4 times varied from 67.4 to 71.93 g per tree. 1034