Địa chỉ IPV4
iao thức Internet phiên bản 4 (viết tắt IPv4, từ tiếng Anh Internet Protocol version 4) là phiên bản thứ tư trong quá trình phát triển của các giao thức Internet (IP). Đây là phiên bản đầu tiên của IP được sử dụng rộng rãi. IPv4 cùng với IPv6 (giao thức Internet phiên bản 6) là nòng cốt của giao tiếp internet. Hiện tại, IPv4 vẫn là giao thức được triển khai rộng rãi nhất trong bộ giao thức của lớp internet. Giao thức này được công bố bởi IETF trong phiên bản RFC 791 (tháng 9 năm 1981), thay thế cho phiên bản RFC 760 (công bố vào tháng giêng năm 1980). Giao thức này cũng được chuẩn hóa bởi bộ quốc phòng Mỹ trong phiên bản MIL-STD-1777. IPv4 là giao thức hướng dữ liệu, được sử dụng cho hệ thống chuyển mạch gói (tương tự như chuẩn mạng Ethernet). Đây là giao thức truyền dữ liêu hoạt động dựa trên nguyên tắc tốt nhất có thể, trong đó, nó không quan tâm đến thứ tự truyền gói tin cũng như không đảm bảo gói tin sẽ đến đích hay việc gây ra tình trạng lặp gói tin ở đích đến. Việc xử lý vấn đề này dành cho lớp trên của chồng giao thức TCP/IP. Tuy nhiên, IPv4 có cơ chế đảm bảo tính toàn vẹn dữ liệu thông qua sử dụng những gói kiểm tra (checksum).
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