Tổng quan thế hệ địa chỉ Internet mới - IPV6

Địa chỉ IPv4 được thiết kế có chiều dài 32 bit và có thể cung cấp khoảng 4 tỉ địa chỉ cho hoạt động mạng toàn cầu. Địa chỉ IPv4 đã đồng hành với việc phát triển như vũ bão của hoạt động Internet trong hơn hai thập kỷ vừa qua. Song nguồn tài nguyên IPv4 sắp cạn kiệt trước tốc độ tiêu thụ quá nhanh của toàn cầu trước nhu cầu phát triển không ngừng các dịch vụ mới đòi hỏi kết nối băng thông rộng với địa chỉ IP cố định (tỉ lệ sử dụng địa chỉ/khách hàng là 1:1), cũng như đòi hỏi tham gia kết nối mạng của đa dạng thiết bị (thiết bị số dùng cho cá nhân PDA, điện thoại di động, đồ dùng điện tử, ô tô, tàu thủy, xe lửa, máy bay .). Bên cạnh nguy cơ cạn kiệt nguồn IPv4, xu hướng hội nhập mạng viễn thông và Internet với khái niệm mạng thế hệ mới “Next Generation Network” đã khiến IPv4 bộc lộ một số hạn chế trong cấu trúc thiết kế , khiến những nhà nghiên cứu, những tổ chức tiêu chuẩn hóa chịu trách nhiệm về hoạt động mạng toàn cầu nhận thấy cần có sự phát triển lên một tầm cao hơn của giao thức Internet.

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