Báo cáo Bài thực tập hệ thống điện

 d3!;!5t2S,,5,1#5b;

        I δVEL-MF b bH bE IFFƒkFFƒOO-OMFVE-EMF

cS,) †5,]„2i 0JM-ENk FF kM-ENH      ===   VVec,3!>7#"5g#(5 †5; 0JMHO-HNHEM-E7M-ENk H F EM-E7 
===  !0'7y,5 :5),]„2i        kM-ENM-EL!7FFEFF H  !7E EEE E E E H =−+=−+= δ  '7y5;EN-kM 20f3!;!5t,5,1#5,5,1#d

!3!>7#"#*g),]„2i; δ7E    =  c,3!3 LL-F FFF FFFMF   7 N N E ===   δ  VVef3!;!5δVEL-MF @0>7#"&#<2 5!"5 0JMN-OM-ENk H F  H     ===  E A<#,]„2i#*g!B!3g#1Q-!$!3,5,1# 5,1#d&[!!7x2y!!y,‚>z VVev#*#\ !"!37x2y!!y,B,, 5,1#5,1#d    

        k K+  12b<6c d 12 8^  12<e K+K !"#$ 4! 9!]jHKkUDQ!%,]„2i#*g; EFFŠ$!! 4!,((,5JILM0 E q3 Q-,*#!B,5bbE!%#(W
&[# &[HLFp#7"[3!;!5tE5LKM!%#(WE 5LKM!%#(
 )&'3!5ILM03!;!5g&[FA<# >j,DE5!%#(!\!^5 f3!;!5t!$!3&[F>z Vef3!;!5&[F  H ft#) 9!HKM-,3!;!5tLKM!%#(WE5MKL !%#(
f3!;!5t!$;&)#zbs7U bEJ;" b; !#Ž0 Vef3!;!IFF Ve s5  L ft#) 9!HKM-,3!;!5tLKM!%#(WE5MKN !%#(
f3!;!5t!$;&)#zbs7U bEJ;" b; !#Ž0 Vef3!;!EFF Ve s5 M ft#) 9!HKM-,3!;!5tLKM!%#(WE5NKL !%#(
f3!;!5t!$;&)#zbs7U bEJ;" b; !#Ž0 Vef3!;!EFF VeU 5 N x2y,((,5- ;9jHKF!3,$>z

        EF  Ve jHKF,$  y!,\!!%! ;jz VeA[ ,.!,/T8!!5!%E#(WK
3!;!5!%#(  O4!!43!;!5!%E5LKM!%#(WLKM!% #(
;F-,3 ,*#!BbVbEVHLF-;9!!/7# YVM~ YEVKE~ vVM vEVM I ,5#(W;)HIF;9!!/7# YVEH~ YEVF~ vVIF vEVOM 1#;#(5z VeA#(W;#(5 k fg ,59#(W.# HFF;9!!/7# YVKF~ YEVKEEF~ vVKMF vEVKNM 1#;#(5z VeA#(
;#(5 F   _!!&]U!\ )-  $,]^!p# ;#d #*!%!>7#" 5g>zp#;#d,3]<z Ve3 Vev#n#d>7#"5g#*_{!3,5!7{!3, 5"5  #?)*i%)?B*i%uvw"-%BV*OgHG"D?')-

        E 4! 9!]jHKUDQ!%,]„2i;LFFŠ \  g7,]„#*!%!>7#",5E,1#5# &[#]t!$!378;!5#f3!;!5tE,5 ,]^!,*#!B&[ &<58ˆ#JIHLk0 <,*#!B3!;! ,5E#(W
;1;]^]7# bs5UbE b7U 5UbEM F bs5UbEM F xlS)C$y'*x", )- ,*#!B,5E#(W
&[#&[HIFn1;]^;  !!\ TU3!;!5‰!&gHKH!!/!S;9 &g  /\!>4! !# 9! b Y v bE YE vE ‰ F  ~   ~  F F HIF M M HIF KE M F …M HIF FF F HIF IM KEF EM KM HIF KIM HF HIF KM M L
C"K./ v# \ - !3!T ,]^!5gp# ;#d #* !>7#"!2y),]„2i#*g#*>z Ve3 v#;#d,3]<z Vev#;#d>7#"!2y#*_{!3,5!7{!3,5 7U 57{!3,5s5 #?)*i%)?B*i%u'f*OgHD="vw"-%B'z"D?')- y!,\!!%\ ;!T [78;!5t,5 #(5#(d!B.#"g)#yy!>7#" E4! 9!])jHKE-DQ!%,]„2i#*g;EFF Š-*#!B7!bVHIF?!!!/,,]^!<p#g

        EE &gHKMUg g;gQ!i&[FFŠG5 g;g!g !i&[FFŠG5 g;g2#!i&[FFŠG5  b Y v bE YE vE ‰
]U! g  ~   ~   L Q HIF HI HF HOF EM I ks M #'!g  HIF EM M HEF F FF 7U  N y, HIF F MM LOF M EFM EMs U<p#g])-!d. VVef3!;!5t#(5#(d.gg)#y!>7#" !2y Q%R  ',]„2i#*g&5!3DQFFŠ9t„,  !#]„d!!/&),'3!;!5!% ,5#(5#(#]&gHKM  :]„^5-\!>7#"!2y!>7#"5g !%#(5#(#.!,/!*##*!%!>7#" 5,]^!!;,52i     A#(5 A#(d b bR Y v YE vE q q f3!5 ~  ~  FF FF NFb7U 5bR IN-N MF IN-N KMF EF EF NFb7U 5bR IF FH-kEH IF KFH-kEH FF FF NFb7U 5bR IN-N MF IN-N KMF EF EF HFbs5bR NL-OkN HO-FLk OL-NHk F-HE

        EH EF EF FF F F F F E !i#a-.@ [9 ?„, bVbRVFF] 3!;!5!%!$,D_&]U! '3!HFF@&gHKN \ /!%!>7#"!2y!*##*!%3 :]„^5-&< [ :]„^5bRs57Ub   YY Adv  J~0 J0  F F HF MF MF NF IN-N IN-N kF FF FF EF IN-N IN-N MF MF MF IF F F r&#2(&#2s!>7#"!2y@3!;!5)jHKH 3U9*/!>7#"!8!,9 ,]„2i!352]U t,*#,5‚>z VVe3                       
   

        EL
/ 6789:2j2j{r:
de<| ; e} 12r: j: ; / 67 89: 2j 2j{ r:
d   e< | ;e} 12 /K !"#$  )jLKO-W
,]^! U#&[,]„2i#* g!3,l _!!/,5,]^!!&gLKO-.!,/!>7#"! 2y!*##*!%3 E c8&]U!-\!>7#";U",]„2i!3#* ,]^!&<!!,5bbE-7#,3;9<&gLK H 3&[;]^!&[!!7x2y&#,(5-\ 2S,2i2ˆ_51E,<51N!%&]U!  JG%lS8~"*#'f'GT"*Ovw"*O>A*#?)$)-'-'q *#pq")i!q?U{*#?))-g$O*€gGm"t%- n"*‚?'*X*O>A*#?)Dƒt%CBqvC"/.   b q bE q l Š ‰ ,' U G s Y q~ *# Y Y. q~ cS ,  L L IF HF b7U bE …FF We
 …EFF M E I I IF HF b7U bE EFF We
 IFF Ek-IIN H I N IF LM bsbE MLF-ELI
eW NFF ME-FL L I N IF LM bsbE MLF-ELI
eW NFF ME-FL M I N IF EF b7U bE Mk-kFH We
 NFF IO-OkO N L E IF NF b7U bE Mk-NL We
 NFF ON-HON L
,]„2i#*g77; !Q,5F-!3,QNF ŠA7#"5;IL~-\3!;!5t,5,1# 5,1##A<# ' ,]„2i&/,T-,]„2i!S;9!3g !/#g>zA<#!3-\3!;!5 Uz

        EM

f3!;!5 δ7E    =  VVe EFI-F FFE NFIL E  7 ===   δ  VVe‰VE-FEF

>7#"!8!,9 :2i NNO-EF NF FF . ===      VVec,32i&/,T2i!S;9ˆ!3g,]^!

f3!;!5 U,3 LO-F FF NFIL   7 ===   δ  M x2y#(!"5,'!;d5 ' &<58ˆ#&5- !DQ!%,]„2i&[NFFŠ-,!>7#"!2y3!;! 5;…MFJjLKI0JbEs57Ub0 ,*#!B,5!%#( !"5;)HIF bVHIF bEVHIF YVOF~ YEVMF~ vVF   vEVF M

i„-9,1#W
- 4! 5 g 5;1;]^ @G‘‘GJjLKk0

        EN N
,/!>7#"!2y U77U/j ,]^! &]U!Mfg\!z bVNHF bEVNEF YVEFF~ YEVHF~ vVM    vEVKH VVe ",5,,]^!!%b-bE!>7#";U{"*#7UQ &]U!M n2c78!3 +!% &<5 5g 5Q,1#,]„2i #* g &7#" #* g ! ;)&j5]{;12,3!,+!! &<59,15[ ;  ,5#*g2,3!>7#"!@ O4! 9!]jLKF3,]„2i#*g!3DQNFFŠQ #(-,*#!B,5#(;)HIF,b-Y-v 9!Q bVoHIFoo YVoFoo~    vVoFo & 4#( ,'!{G 5,(&'&5U,]„2i#* g#,3)  '&.@ !,'!{G 5,(&'&5
d#(-,*#!B,5#(;)HIFp#7!!,'!{Q ,' j „ !,'!{z „ ! VLMoo7 ,b-Y-v9„, !# „ ! bVoOFooYVoEFoo~vVoNFoo I
i„-9,1##,1#5!%,]„2i#*g- !! 5 g 5;1;]^ G‘‘GJ]jLK0 ;+5;9 !!!&]U!O 09!Q bVoHIFFoo YVooFo~   vVoFo

        EO &0qQ,','!{G 5,(&'&5  „ ! VoMoo7 bVoENFo YVEMo~    vVLMo 7<p#g_\,]^!U/\,]^!&]U!O fg\!97&]U!I,'!{Q,'{ +!2m,5 9!Q&]U!!3/&[# VVe+!2m,5 9!Q!% 9!&[#]Q 9!!3 4!! &<5),]„2i; !,'!{Q,'{ 2Q,i!! &7#"),]„2i 2,3!>7#"!#!"5!,'!{;U{*#7U !>!3!! &<5j<,'!3Q,'{ // Q%R 0',]„2i#*g&5; !Q,5EEF!3D Q,]„2i;EFFŠG5 \D!>7#" ,@~ ,]„2i!3 #*

>7#" ,]„2i#*,]^!;  ELE EFF EEFEEF ===     ~ &0f3!;!5t,5#(5#(#;& )#!>7#"5!%,]„2i;FF~z

!3!>T! δ7    =  VVe LH-F EEFEEF EFFFF   7 ===   δ  !0 D!>7#";&)#3!;!5;F-EF-LF-IF-NF-HEFz 

U3!;!5;F EE-L7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;EF LL-IE7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;LF II-NL7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;IF NO-HHI7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;NF ONNN7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;HEF NNHE7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0 E0 !i#a-<# # 3!;!5t#(5#(# _MF;)EFFj!>7#"!2y5g;)&)#z

        EI

U3!;!5;MF NH-NEM7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;EFF ONIEEF7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0 VVed!>7#"!2y!1)  ∆YVIE-ONƒNE-NHVEF-HJ~0 &0A<#3!;!5t#(5#(#_OMF;)IFF,' !>7#"!2y!3&[])>z

U3!;!5;OMF OM-EHHOM7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0

U3!;!5;IFF HE-EHIIF7 EFF EEFEEF 7  F === δ     J~0 ∆YVEHI-HEƒEHH-OMVM-MOJ~0 VVed!>7#"!2y) >&[!i#E L0 ,]„2i#*g!3DQ;1;]^;FFŠEFFŠ,]^! 4!777#"!2y!8!,9  2i!35;&)#<#,5; !;Fz

>7#"!8!,9!%2i!35,]^!; M-I EFF FF FF FF E .E . . =+=+=+=       ~ &0A7#"OM~-3!;!5t,5 #(#,5#(5;&)#z

f3!;!5 !3 δ7    =  VVe LH-F FF FFEFF FFEFF OM   7 =+==   δ  Ve‰VEL-HkF  A!S9,',]^!-3! ;!5;$!&[&)#z 

NE-F FF FFOM   7  ===   δ Ve‰VHI-HF !0 !i#aL-<#,]„2i!3DQFFŠ,''&/Q 9!- ,*#j7r.gz

>7#"!8!,9 ,]„2i!3DQEFFΩg,]^!

        Ek  M-NF EFF FF .E == ~ !>7#")#!1##*g;OM~c,37r.g]^p# g),]„2i M5!%,]„2i#*g!7r; g D"!55 !>7#"#*p#*#{ g\!4?,*#

U!>T!7#’   E E ==  UR DQ2i €5)2i UR>,Dq,3,!>7#"#*g&[!!,5 #*g>7#"7r;]^“;#dU&j5]{,5 N! 5g 59,1#5,1##!% ',]„2i #*g2m,; jz

! 5,8Q,1#,]„2i[ ; !>7#"#* g!%,]„2i! 95,+Q!# ,]„2i[ ; g ,5 .#  /+r: j: ; /+K !"#$  \ -!$7r.!,/78,D!%,5bF ,D2S\!_!% 5,(&'&54! 9!]jLKM <   !{ ,'!{G 5 ' !*#U ,'!{G  5 ,( &'& 5 &[2i!# Q#(7x2y&7!5@,,*#!B !,'!%,'!{G 5 '!*#MFFSG5$ !,'5g,]^!t>,D7# p#j \   ,D!]„,'u”!$g]Q!%3,<,55bF?! !!/,u”bF<p#g&gLKE u”JW0 F FFM F FM FE FEM FH FHM FL FLM FM bJ0 F MF FF EM NF IM EF EEE EHM EMF ENF

        HF
gLE E j T85!%,579!!<&/,1#!# -E-H  T85;o-E-H- JG%lSƒ%, )-D=")Cg.+.K..+.K{„U*Cq'V%t%-U'Y- *O"'PL$?U)?$O'V% Hx2y 9!,]{8]jLKM-,*#!B,,5 9!QbF&[EEF#,34 9!!!,1#!8!7p#&W 5@< .!*#;"/,#&juJ.@ jLKN0  \/,,(&'_!>T!lVbFGu bFVEEF  uVF-NMW   lVHHIŠ Ln+5;9!&]U!HUbFVELF7#,3UbFVEFF bFVELF  uVFOW   lVHHIŠ bFVEFF  uVFNFW   lVHHHŠ 2 W*X*#?) \ g778g]Q!%!!;9g! #,<,55!% 5,.!*# M4! 9!]jLKOUg;gQ

        H *#!B2S\!_u”!%,'!{G 5,(&'&57! ,5 9!QbnVHIF#,3t !,'!%,'!{c>,DJ&[ !!,*#!B2S\!_02S\!_>,D 5,(&'& 57# p#j\ -,DgU!!/&gLKHJ5g &g,g g;#>!i&[0;9!!>7 &g  8D,/!%gQ RG5 u” bn Y v V EE
 +  Š W  ~  W ‹ FEM HIF F F F LLFF FEM HNM HF F HF EEFF FEM HHF MM F MM LNO FEM Hk OM F OM FF FEM HFF kF F kF IIF FEM EIF FF F FF OHH FEM EOM F F F NEk FEM ENF M F M
C"/.K Nn+5;9!!!&]U!M-7x2yg!g !gQ;9 <p#g&gLKL 8D,/!%gQ RG5 u” bn Y v V EE
 +  Š W  ~  W ‹ FEM HIF F F F

        HE LLFF FEM HNF M HF HFLL EEFF FEM HHF I MF MFNHN LNO FEM HF F NM NMONM FF FEM EkF F FI EIFN IIF FEM EOF F FIM IMMIN OHH FEM EMF F kF kFMML NEk FEM ELF F kM kMMEM 
C"/./ O n+5;9!!!&]U!M-7x2yg2#!g!g  ;9<p#g&gLKM 8D,/!%gQ RG5 u” bn Y v V EE
 +  Š W  ~  W ‹ FEM HIF F F F LLFF FEM LEF M KMF MFELk EEFF FEM LMF I KEM EMEN LNO FEM LOF F KkM kMEN FF FEM MFF I KEIM EIMMO IIF FEM MEF EF KHMF HMFMO
C"/.0 /+/ Q%R ' 5,.!*#MF~9,5 9!Q;E !32S\!_q!!<&/,1#!# ,]^!,+ 9!4-2S, :5;IW 0 \/1,$!%,,(&' :5

f\/,) :5 0JINN-F I HGEHGF Ω===     &0  r 9! , ]{ ,]{ !%  5 , . !*# : 5 ,*#\!]„ '!*#])

b 5 5

bF551T

l-R,,Q 

        HH !0]„,'2S, :5,1g;&)#z

0JIMN-HINN-FIHGEF   =+=+= 

kFE-F HGEI HGMF HG HG !7 ===   ϕ 

]„,'2S,,1g 0JkEk-N HGIMN-HkFE-F HGMF HG!7 HG F     === ϕ  E0A<#,'!{G 5,,(&'&5!i#a!#!"5 ' gEF~Q,5E-,5bF5gg ,&)#z

cS, †5gEF~ 0JMLH-M HGIMN-HkFE-F HGEF HG!7 HG F     === ϕ 

5 †5bF;$!; 0JOEI-INN-FMLH-MHGEF   =+=+=   VVe5bF5gg ;∆bVH-IMNƒ-OEIVE-EIJ0  &0f3!;!5tbF,5<&/,1#!# ;&)#z

f3!;!5;$! OHI-F EOEI- INN-FEF   7 F ===  δ VeδVLO-MNF             

        HL
0 … † 
… ^ 
… 6789:8 j 0 … † 
… 0K !"#$ 4! 9!,])jMKE Q#(YZ@#55;7#,3,3#(c,!"52S '!*# !#'\!_!!,'!{G 5.!*#*#!B2S\!_,< !>7#"5g&[Fn]#<#2S\!_!{"5{ /j!>7#"5g,D_i JK0,<2]{J…0 ,D21212S\!_-_F-FM,<F-LMW;9<p#g&gMK J;9/2S\!_VF0 u” b u Y v W  W ~  FFM HkI FME Hk EMF F HkM FL HE EFM FM HkE FH Ek MI FE Hk Fk EE FF FEM HkF F EF NF FH HIM FFH EF EF FHM HIM FFI k KEF FL HIM FN k KNM FLM HIM FEL EE KF FHEM HkM FFMM EF F
gMK

        HM CB'=">%(?'@A" E4! 9!]jMKHQ#(,*#!B2S\!_!%,' !{G 5.!*#,!>7#"5g&[F,&<Q!%!#' \!_Q/   ft2S\!_>,D-g!%,'!{,<3 "\ ,(&'q,'!{ ",(&'-4#( H   n+5 ;9&]U!E-] ;1p#7/ \!% &[,6!U5 J&7!5@0g "[78,D/\!%;#)i !\; 3!5tbbF Ln+5;9&]U!E;9t/&gMKE2S,u Jt2S\!_>,Dg,u_F-M,<F-LM0 b u u” Y v  W W ~  LFF FM FHEM IF F LFF FEF FHEM FM F LFF FEM FHEM HM F LFF FH FHEM MM M LFF FHM FHEM IM M LFF FL FHEM EF EF LFF FLM FHEM EHM HE
gMKE 0/ Q%R '!{,(&')##!>7#"!2y],]„2i#*g g\!,*#

        HN VVej,'!{,(&'! ] >j,]„2i-!3Q !g #(!"5!,'!{ ],5,1##(!%,]„2i- !S,5!g TbF ],5,1#d,]„2i E','!{,(&'EFFF~dQ,5&5&[H-I !%,'!{;LŠG5 \ 0cS,,/ T!,1g!%,'!{,5\!_bF;H-I 

f3!;!5t,5

MML-F FI-HI-H LFEFFF 7 N H ==δ VeδVHH-NLHF

5{),,'!{ †5 0JENH-FNLH-HH!7I-HI-HEI-HI-H H  !7E H  EH F EE F   =−+=−+= δ 

cS,,/ T!,'!{,1g †5; 0JOM-NM L ENH-F      ===  &0cS,4 9!,5\!_bF;H-I

cS,4 9! †5 MLI-F L HGI-HF ===     JW0 H0•!i#aE-<#,5\!_bF&[U,5,1#dJH-I0 j!>7#"!2y!8!,9 ,'!{!3!"5>&/ "\,(&' ;&)#z

>7#"!8!,9,'!{ N-H L I-HI-H F . ===     J~0 &0f3!;!!%g,/ T!&[EFFF~z

f3!;!5 Hk-F FI-HI-H FEFFF   7 N H F ===    δ VeδVO-kNF L   ' !{ >  d  ' !! D ,/  !8! !%  2 !#]^p#kFF,_/\>g g\!97z VVeq,'!{djy!!8!_!%RmUy!!8!_!#

        HO q!3g,+,'!{y!!8!_!%7r;!a7qp# kFF7r ",\,(&'U_]„!%c,3>d '!!D,/!8!!%2!#]^p#kFF MA<#,'!{Q!i#E,]^! U,]„2i#*g!3DQ&[ IŠG5j!>7#"!8!,9 ,'!{!39;&)#z
<,5 !"5b&[H-IbF!&[H-I

>7#"!8!,9 ,'!{!39; EFH- LI I-HI-H F . = + = + = !     J~0 q3!;!t,5&[kFF!>7#",B,9,]^!z 

@!>T!\!>7#",'!{J δ7F    = 0j 3!;)!t,5&[kFFj!>7#",9!8!,9  0+^ 
… 6789:8 j 0+K !"#$ 4! 9!]jMKMUDQ!%,]„2i#*g;LFFŠ q>!3\!_-,*#!BbVHIF ,D\!_!$,<g]Q;),5,]„2i#*g E   ,?!/!!,9;]^Y-v-bYE-vE-bE2S\!_u” ,D_F,<F-MWf;9<p#g&gMKH7#,3;r,(/&#2s p#bE@vEjMKN *#!B,5 ]„2iLFFŠ u” Y v b YE vE bE W ~   ~   F Ek MF HIF M kF EEF FFM EM EF HIF E II ELH

        HI FF EF Ik HIF E OF EIF FM EF NE HIF E NI HF FEF EF LF HIF M LF HEI FEM EF EF HIF E EE HMF FH EF F HIF I H HOM FHM EF KM HIF k KF HkF FL EF KEI HIF EF KEM LFF FLM EF KLF HIF EF KLF LEF FMF EE KME HIF EF KMM LHF
gMKH q\!_ '!*#,Dg]Q]<,<vz VVeq>\!_,'!{9,'] '!#'!g )#y!>7#" 5gvq\!_;)/vg 21 U/,3vVF n$!<#<5y!2S\!_j,'!{9,']y, 5!>7#"5g!   0.M Hn+5;9&]U!EU,]„2i!3DQEFFŠf;9<p#gd ,]^!&gMKLr,(/&#2sbE@vEjMKOn]#[, F%-#*#?)B'=">%()CD?"                  !    

        Hk 5>,*#!B]^p# 'g' DQ!%,]„2i #*g"5{ *#!B,5,]{2i2EFFŠ u” Y v b YE vE bE W ~   ~   F HM kM HIF EF MF EOF FFM HF NF HIF I HF EkF FF EM I HIF M FM HM FM EF kF HIF M IE HHF FEF EF M HIF M MF HLE FEM EF EE HIF M HF HNF FH EF F HIF M F HOI FHM EF KEM HIF k KEF HIE FL EF KLM HIF EF KLE HkI FLM EF KNM HIF EF KNM LFE FMF EM KIF HIF EM KIF LI
gMKL  0.N 35gDQ!%,]„2ig jg,*#!B,5 g z F%-#"h-*#?)B'=">%()CD?"               !    

        LF VVeYg  LA  'gQJ!i&[!&50!# !%,]„2iLFFŠ t,5bE;#>&[HIF,D,Q?!!!/Y-v- bYE-vE-bE;9t<p#g&gMKM  *#!B,5,]{2i2LFFŠgQ RGY u” Y v b YE vE Š W ~   ~  ‹ FH EF F HIF I F LLFF FHEM MM F HIF I KI EEFF FHM kF F HIF I KI LNO FHM EM M HIM I KEM FF FHO NM HF HIM EF KLM IIF FL EFF LM HIM EF KNF OHH FLEM ELM NM HkF EE KkF NEk FLO EIM kM HkF EI KEE
gMKM dg,*#!B,5!%y,,(&'!3&/U9>z VVe3  r;)jMKI,(/&#/p#t!>7#"g@v!%y ,,(&'Q/,5{d;HIF  jMKI

        L Mx2y,]„2i#*g 4! <5- :,]„2i!3DQ ;EFFŠ 4!)  'g2#&[LLFFŠ,g;d5] ',]„2i 2&5l@ jMKkJ7{,( 9!]jMKF0 Q#(!#!"5,*#!B,5bVHIF#,3,bbRQ 9!Q bVŒŒHIFŒŒŒŒŒ   bRVŒŒŒEEFŒ    N4! 'y,,(&'!# ,]„2i!35g,5bR ,*#!B2s2&[!!,D\!_ '!*#>z VVeYg  l!,/!>7#"5g!%y,,(&',,5,1#d&[ ,5,1#5 vVŒŒŒMŒ O9!])],,]„2i;LFFŠ2#; EEFFŠ*#!B,5bVHIF#,3,bbRQ 9!Q bVŒŒŒHIFŒŒ    bVŒŒLOFŒ #,3- 4!y,(&'!# ,]„2i,*#!B\!_,bVbR !>7#"5gbVbR vVHF

        LE 0+/ Q%R   !&<t]#, !%y,,(&'7Uy,‚ !,*#!B,5!%,]„2i#*gz VVe y,,(&',*#!B,5!!2s2&[!!,*#!B 2S\!_ 7 ]„^5y,(&'Q!#'!g ,(&' E' ,(&'\!_2]!#!"5!>7#"5g!,]„2i #* g g \!,*#!&< #dt–\! _2]— J@K @.!@20;jz VVeq,'!{p#>g 2S\!_U / \!^5 j 2S,,'!{7r7U 5{kFF7U,5'!{; !] ?y,i!\;!7#"5g!   H' ,(&'\!_7#"5g),]„ 2i#*g g\!,*#!&<#dt–\!_<#— J#2@K@.!@20;jz VVe,'!{,(&'\!_<#j2S,,'!{s5 !kFF7 U,5'!{; !]!#'!g )#y!>7#"5g!%   L',]„2i#*g2EFF -HFF-MF ˜!3DQF-L ŠG 2#;LFFFFFŠ  r7{,( 9!]{,]{)5 .!,/2S, )5Q,1#5,1#d,Q>7#"5g ;5)#yz …{,( 9!]{,]{ †5,]„2i    

cS,,1#5 9!Q    K DQ,]„2i,1#dQ 9! 0JkNFEFFFLF Ω−=−=−=      VecS, †5 !Q; F F kFFII-FFII-F kNF FHGHFF ∠== − ∠==      JW0

        LH

>7#"5g#(; OEN-LMkF7FII-F H HFF H7 H H F === ϕ
 J0   Vei;!>7#"#  M' 5,!>7#"MF~!3,5,/ T!;E D Q ;Lw,]^! ,]„2i#* gQ!i#Lp# &<5E GHFFA<#,5\!_,]^!,*#!B,<E-.!,/, 5b bR]jMK

5,1#dbR    K DQ,]„2i7# &<5; kNFEFFFLF   −=−=−= JΩ0    KcS,),]„2i †5 FkFFII-FFII-F kNF HGHFF ∠== − ==     JW0  Ve5 †59,1#dbR OL-ON0EFFFJFII-F0J =−=−==  " J0             

        LL
M J6‡ r:
dˆ
  … † 
…‰j< MJ6‡ r:
dˆ
 MK !"#$ A  9!]jNKM7#,3,*#!B,5bVHIF f;9<p#g,53!5&g<\ U!! ,*#,]^!4!Gg ,5 !>4!2„5   <;d5 f/,?!,]^! Gfg  5 ';!5 b bE ‰ sGU  ™ F   F KK F F HIF HIF F KK F M HIF HIF M U  F KM HIF HIF M s KM F HIF HEF F KK KM M HIF HEF M U  KM KM HIF HEF M s M F HIF LLF F KK M M HIF LLF M U  M KM HIF LLF M s
C"M. E4! 9!,]jNKN+DQ!%,]„2i &[EFFŠ,*#!B,5bVHIF1;]#[ :2i

        LM ,*# !m ';]^!>7#">!3;!5Gg  5!% &<5 <\ U!!,*#<;d5]&gNKE <;d5 q<p#g Gfg 5 ';!5 Y v YE vE b bE bH ™ F ~  ~     F F N OF NF NM HIF HIF HLF F …M KHF kF LF NM HIF HOF HLF F KM MF IF KEF IF HIF HIF HLF …M F NF EF IF LF HIF LLF HOF KM F NM EF HM F HIF HEF HEF …M …M KMF LF OM LF HIF LHF HNF KM KM LF HF KHF EF HIF HEF HEF
C"M.+ M/ Q%R  )jNKO!3,]„2i#*g!3DQ;FFŠEFFŠ 4!77#' &<52„5 ,]^! ,]„2iEFFŠ ,!>7#"!2y,]^!5i& ,*#),]„2iA<#,5,1# 5d,*#&[F-.!,/!>7#"!2y!8!,9#*, 3!5!1,*#!B!% &<52„5       

        LN E  •!i#a-!3 &7#"!8!,9 ,]^!#*,),]„2i,]^!5i& ]<z

>7#"!8!,9#*),]„2i!3DQEFFΩ; M-NF EFF FF . ===     J~0

 >7#"!8!,9#*),]„2i!3DQFFΩ; E FF FF . ===     J~0 H35g &7#"!8!,9 ,]„ 2iEFFw!3#*gz VVe&7#"!8!,9 ,]„2iEFFΩ!3 #*g M+ … † 
…‰j< M+K !"#$  4! 9!]jNKE E *#!BbVHIF,Q,','!{-7#,3,*#!B\!_,v VF#,*#!B-t/2S\!_>,DJt,*# ]<-,5!g TbF&[,5b0 x2y,6!U5,*#!B&'!B/;!5&[F1;]#Y-vu”’f ;9<p#gd,]^!&gNKH ‰ b Y v YE vE u” b F  ~  ~  W  F HIF LF F HE F FHE HIF F HIF FF F k F FHE HIF

        LO EF HIF LF HI HM I FHE HIF HF HIF OF OF OF MF FHE HIF LF HIF IM FF IM OM FHE HIF MF HIF kF HF EFF FM FHE HIF NF HIF EFF EMF EFM HF FHE 
C"M.K =">%(' '*€'Y-*O"'P)A%O'BqE H*#!B,5bVHIF-!B/u”]&gNKH +g,‰VEFF#,3__g b!$,<3!;!5 9 3!5&[&)#j,'!{&/ "\,(&'z ‰V NMF ,5b]{T,3&[&)#z  bVENM =">%(' '*€'Y-*O"'P)A%O'BqEŠ L   g 2S\!  4! '51 g QJH g0  <5U!#' \!!%,'!{G 5,(&'&57x2y51!%gQJNg0 ; g!% 5, '!*#cUbVHIF2S\!_]Q &gNKH-,*#!Bg,‰VEFF#,3__g ,5b!$,< 3!;!5 93!;!5&[&)#j,'!{&/ "\,(&'z ‰VŒNFF 2S\!_,3&[&)#z u”VFEW <Gp"'Y-W"p*GT"@QU%UVC M+bVHIF-;9/!>7#"!2yY-;93! ;!5!%bUb]U!,'!{ "\,(&' YVEEF~    ‰VNF F 4! <5DQ,]{2iUDQLFFŠ{,'!{UbVb VHIF g!,!{ "\,(&'f;9Y]U!,' !{ "\,(&'z YVEFM~    ‰VLF F qQ,>,6!U5_,5bE,+,'!{n##U,'2/!5!% !8!Rg;) 93!5&[&)#j,'!{ "\,(&' šVEFF g\!973!a{kFF VVe !3!>7#"#*U,'!{ α7  FE    =  U›;3!tbEbFbE;9[ tbbF

        LI >7#"!8!,9#*_b,<bF ( ) δ7  E F .    + =  8!,9‰VkFFc,33!›œkFF M+/ Q%R    ','!{,(&'-&5FFF~’E-H!3, ,(&' :5&[E-NŠl!,/3! ;!5 @,', !>7#",'!{5MFF~-&<,5\!_bFVE-HJ,5 2i0

>7#",'!{ δ7 F !   =    Ve ELN-F FH-EH-E N-EFMFF   7 N H F ===   !δ    VeδVL-ELF  VVed3!;!5tbbF;L-EL F  EA<#,'!{Q!i#,]^!,+9!# ,]„2i#*g!3,  :5&[Hwj,';!5;&)#,',,'!{5 !>7#"MFFz

>7#",'!{!3,]„2i; δ7 F !    + =   Ve MEk-F FH-EH-E 0HN-EJFMFF  0J 7 N H F = + = + =   !δ   VeδVH-kHIF  VVed3!;!5tbbF,+!# ,]„2i;H-kHI F  H•!i#E-!&7#"!8!,9 ,'!{!39]U! 3&/ "\,(&'  VVe> 7#" !8! ,9  ,' !{ !3  5 ,]^! ]U!  " \ ,(&'; NLH-kLL HN-E FH-EH-E 0J  NF . = + = + = !    J~0  

        Lk
N 6‹8j … F4ŒF …4jb N6‹8j …4jb NK !"#$ 4! 9!]jOKHQ#(,*#!B2S\!_,!>7#" 5g&[FJvVF0 v#7782,'!%,'!{&[,6!U5#,34#( E n+5;9&]U!7#,4&.@p#\y!,'!{, p#\!%3 17 2,',3]<z VVe 17 2,'a 7717 U17 p#7,]^!Q&]U! VVe 17 2,'a{17 2,'Q&]U!>!3&.@p# \ Hn+5;9&]U!E] ,'!{p#,]„2i#*g!3 DQLFFŠ,+vEVFJjOKL0JqQ,','!{-&9),+ DQ!%,]„2i&[FK,*#,9!<,]^!D",5) ,]„2i22SQ,'!qQ,'.-&dDQ;)LFFŠ0 17 2,';$!]<z35g17 2,'&/ g  '!!,>z VVeYg-q&dDQ;); !17 !32,'\7,3Q;9/\ !i&[ L n+5;9&]U!H]>!3&p#\*#j7r.g, U 17 2,'z VVe 17 2,'>!3&,;U{7U&]U!H 35g2s22#j\,(&'!%,'!{&[!!,3!1#2 ,dz

        MF VVeq> N/ Q%R ' 5,.!*#!3EFF~-H-E-MF ˜-HOM SG5$q\! _7#",B&[ HFF~
<17 2,'8);EF!#)5$ 0 \  @p#\z !3 # $  %& OEFF = VVe N E H E FIN-H OEFF HOMEF MFFEFF OEFF =    =    = % $ # & Jq E0 U  ”  17 2,'-\!#G5$  Ad !p#-SG5$  Y>7#",B-q~  ” 17 - ˜  ž @p#\-q E &0f/!%,,(&') :5&[&)#z    E . =  VVe LOEH EFF EE ===    ŠG5 E','!{,(&';U,]^! !#  ',]„2i#*g-78 2,',,9 9 D,/!d {*#7U3,]^!  !>9 g\!,*# VVe q,+Q!# ,]„2ic]{7y5),]„2i-,5,9 ,'!{g 7U !2>99D,/ !%,'!{,(&';5y#'!,5 H    ' 5 J!3&.@p# \0- !> 7#"OM~-  @ p#\F-FHL E,,(&' :5LFFŠA<#,'!{,]^!  U#(&5HIF,5\!_;HIF-.!,/17 2 ,',*#>gf/!3]{TU/j ,]^! \ >z N+F4ŒF …4jb  N+K !"#$

        M 4! 9!]jOKM EUDQ,]„2i&[Fga"J.$,*#&< Q7# 'S]^!!*# ,((0-Q,' #,3- !DQ!%,]„2i;LFFŠg,Q;FFŠ-,*#!B,Q 7#7!~EVOM~,*#!B2S\!_!%,'!{,(&'7 !bEVbVHIF
"„,Dg&[!!&dg,QFFŠ!% 5, '!*#v#7782,'!%!>7#",5&[ ,6&7!5@ __,Dg-&[!!!3; !  "\,(&' U 'ga{g)#!1# Hq ,D,/JUbEVbVHIF~EVOM~0-; Q 9! ',]„#*gJg7x78! ,$ ';'!%,]„2i;' 50p#7782,'!%!>7#",5 g\!]^ ,17 2,' VVeq.g78! ,]„2i!S;95gg;#>!>7#"!%,]„2i  g  #* g !% ,]„ 2i ; !3 U 9 2 ,3 , 5 bE g  n]^!>7#"Y2g ,]^!Q),]„2i&/78!  #,3-,3 9!,]„2iQ;9p#72,'!%!>7#" ,5 9717 2,'!{17 ]U!z VVec,5bE;)5,+,'!{-,'!{2,', ;";9,+\,(&'!%3 Ln+5;9!!!&]U!H-]!Bg7!~EVEMF~Q !>4!!% ',]„2i  !3 "\,(&'_ ; !>z VVe3 qQ,';9 ;1 Q!3,3;9!>4!

        ME !% ',]„2i#*g!>4!!3 Q,]^!&;i#  ˆ > "\,(&'z VVeEi Mn ;9\ U!!,*#JbEVbVHIF~EVOM~0-  ; 4 9! &5!"5,!,'!{,(&'v#7 ,*#j7r.g;9<p#g VVe"\,(&'T!j bEVF- Y-v";U YE-vEg !3 !32#j784 9!&;i#  ˆD,/z  VVe  >2#j,]^!  N+/ Q%R 1#2,!% ' 5,.!*#;U2m,!"5,!  &"„&/Q 9!g '51a!%i-3,]^!,3 ;9 g\!,*#j7r.g!1#2&/ Q  !,'p#!% 5,.!*# &f3!!#5t,5<&/,1#!# !% 5,.!*# ,5!%  VVeq!1#2,]^! ` 59,'>g !,'p#!%3 ;)-#,32,'p#/\!i&[2!BQ 9!g „"a A >9 '78p#g) 5,.!*# '78&"D,/ ]{T!%  g\!97 q,9,'Ug,/ T!-&"„Q 9!-j 57r.g ]^2,',;";9 !,'22P T!!%,'!{9,'> gA]!BQ 9!g„;7)>,%, 5;" ;9 >!,',/ T!#„7 9! ;9,]^!5\ ;9- 5, 5gg;]^!>7#"";U_ ; ! !,' 5g  9 i]{7y5;  "\D,/!