Lập trình mạng - Stream

STREAM Nguyễn Hữu Thể LẬP TRÌNH MẠNG STREAM ―A stream can be defined as a sequence of data. There are two kinds of Streams  InputStream: The InputStream is used to read data from a source.  OutputStream: the OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination. 2 InputStream 3 InputStream class ―InputStream class is an abstract class.It is the superclass of all classes representing an input stream of bytes. 4 Method Description 1) public abstract int read()throws IOException: reads the next byte of data from the input stream.It returns -1 at the end of file. 2) public int available()throws IOException: returns an estimate of the number of bytes that can be read from the current input stream. 3) public void close()throws IOException: is used to close the current input stream. OutputStream 5 OutputStream class ―OutputStream class is an abstract class. ―It is the superclass of all classes representing an output stream of bytes. 6 Method Description 1) public void write(int) throws IOException: is used to write a byte to the current output stream. 2) public void write(byte[]) throws IOException: is used to write an array of byte to the current output stream. 3) public void flush() throws IOException: flushes the current output stream. 4) public void close() throws IOException: is used to close the current output stream. Standard Streams ―Support for standard I/O  Standard Input: usually a keyboard is used as standard input stream and represented as System.in.  Standard Output: usually a computer screen is used to standard output stream and represented as System.out.  Standard Error: usually a computer screen is used to standard error stream and represented as System.err. 7 8EX: Input character import java.io.*; public class ReadConsole { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { InputStreamReader cin = null; try { cin = new InputStreamReader(System.in); System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit."); char c; do { c = (char) cin.read(); System.out.print(c); } while (c != 'q'); } finally { if (cin != null) { cin.close(); } } } } Reading and Writing Files ―A stream can be defined as a sequence of data.  InputStream is used to read data from a source  OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination. ―Hierarchy of classes: 9 FileInputStream ―Reading data from the files.  Objects can be created using the keyword new and there are several types of constructors available. 10 FileInputStream 11 SN Methods with Description 1 public void close() throws IOException{} This method closes the file output stream. Releases any system resources associated with the file. Throws an IOException. 2 protected void finalize()throws IOException {} This method cleans up the connection to the file. Ensures that the close method of this file output stream is called when there are no more references to this stream. Throws an IOException. 3 public int read(int r)throws IOException{} This method reads the specified byte of data from the InputStream. Returns an int. Returns the next byte of data and -1 will be returned if it's end of file. 4 public int read(byte[] r) throws IOException{} This method reads r.length bytes from the input stream into an array. Returns the total number of bytes read. If end of file -1 will be returned. 5 public int available() throws IOException{} Gives the number of bytes that can be read from this file input stream. Returns an int. FileInputStream 12 public class FileInput { public static void main(String args[]) { try { FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("abc.txt"); int i = 0; while ((i = fin.read()) != -1) { System.out.println((char) i); } fin.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } FileOutputStream ―Create a file and write data into it.  The stream would create a file, if it doesn't already exist, before opening it for output. 13 FileOutputStream 14 SN Methods with Description 1 public void close() throws IOException{} This method closes the file output stream. Releases any system resources associated with the file. Throws an IOException 2 protected void finalize()throws IOException {} This method cleans up the connection to the file. Ensures that the close method of this file output stream is called when there are no more references to this stream. Throws an IOException. 3 public void write(int w)throws IOException{} This methods writes the specified byte to the output stream. 4 public void write(byte[] w) Writes w.length bytes from the mentioned byte array to the OutputStream. FileOutputStream 15 import java.io.*; public class FileOut { public static void main(String args[]) { try { FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("abc.txt"); String s = "Hello World"; byte b[] = s.getBytes();//string to byte array fout.write(b); fout.close(); System.out.println("Success..."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } } } Byte Streams ―Java byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes. 16 public class CopyFile { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException{ FileInputStream in = null; FileOutputStream out = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("input.txt"); out = new FileOutputStream("output.txt"); int c; while ((c = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(c); } } finally { if (in != null) in.close(); if (out != null) out.close(); } } } Character Streams ―Character streams are used to perform input and output for 16-bit unicode. ―Classes: FileReader and FileWriter. 17 FileReader class ―FileReader class is used to read data from the file. It returns data in byte format like FileInputStream class 18 Constructor Description FileReader(String file) It gets filename in string. It opens the given file in read mode. If file doesn't exist, it throws FileNotFoundException. FileReader(File file) It gets filename in file instance. It opens the given file in read mode. If file doesn't exist, it throws FileNotFoundException. Method Description 1) public int read() returns a character in ASCII form. It returns -1 at the end of file. 2) public void close() closes FileReader. FileReader class - EX 19 import java.io.*; public class ReadFile { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { FileReader fr = new FileReader("abc.txt"); int i; while ((i = fr.read()) != -1) System.out.println((char) i); fr.close(); } } FileWriter class ―Write character-oriented data to the file. 20 Constructor Description FileWriter(String file) creates a new file. It gets file name in string. FileWriter(File file) creates a new file. It gets file name in File object. Method Description 1) public void write(String text) writes the string into FileWriter. 2) public void write(char c) writes the char into FileWriter. 3) public void write(char[] c) writes char array into FileWriter. 4) public void flush() flushes the data of FileWriter. 5) public void close() closes FileWriter. FileWriter class - EX ―Writing the data in the file abc.txt 21 public class WriteFile { public static void main(String args[]) { try { FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("abc.txt"); fw.write("Hello World"); fw.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); } System.out.println("Success"); } } 22 //EX: Copy File Unicode public class CopyFileUnicode { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { FileReader in = null; FileWriter out = null; try { in = new FileReader("InputUnicode.txt"); out = new FileWriter("OutputUnicode.txt"); int c; while ((c = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(c); } } finally { if (in != null) { in.close(); } if (out != null) { out.close(); } } } }