• Sinh học - Chapter 8 (part 1): CarbohydratesSinh học - Chapter 8 (part 1): Carbohydrates

    Glucose Fructose Ribulose Glyceraldehyde Dihydroxyacetone

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 7 (part 2): CofactorsSinh học - Chapter 7 (part 2): Cofactors

    Protein coenzyme Heme containing proteins Fe3+ can undergo reversible one electron reduction Impt in redox rxns Classified based on the basis of their visible absorbance spectra

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 7 (part 1): CofactorsSinh học - Chapter 7 (part 1): Cofactors

    Thiamin is the first Vitamin discovered (Vital amine = Vitamin) Deficiencies lead to disease called Beriberi (neurological disorders, heart problems, anorexia) Beriberi prevealent in undeveloped countries where polished grains make up the majority of the diet. Associated with alcohol related disorders (Wernickes-Korskofff syndrome – memory loss,...

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 6: Mechanisms of enzyme actionSinh học - Chapter 6: Mechanisms of enzyme action

    Trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, thrombin, subtilisin, plasmin, TPA All involve a serine in catalysis - thus the name Ser is part of a "catalytic triad" of Ser, His, Asp (show over head) Serine proteases are homologous, but locations of the three crucial residues differ somewhat Substrate specificity determined by binding pocket

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 5 (part 2): Enzyme kineticsSinh học - Chapter 5 (part 2): Enzyme kinetics

    Some enzyme catalyzed rxns show more complex behavior E + S<->ES<->EZ<->EP<-> E + P With M-M can look only at rate limiting step Often more than one substrate E+S1<->ES1+S2<->ES1S2<->EP1P2<-> EP2+P1<-> E+P2 Must optimize one substrate then calculate kinetic parameters for the other Assumes k-2 = 0 Assume steady state conditions

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 5 (part 4): Enzyme regulationSinh học - Chapter 5 (part 4): Enzyme regulation

    Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase acetyl-CoA + CO2 + ATP  malonyl-CoA + ADP + Pi 1St committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis In presence of citrate activated In presence of fatty acyl-CoA inactivated

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  • Chapter 5 (part 3): Enzyme kinetics (cont.)Chapter 5 (part 3): Enzyme kinetics (cont.)

    Ping-Pong Reactions In Ping-Pong rxns first product released before second substrate binds When E binds A, E changes to F When F binds B, F changes back to E

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 5 (part 1) Enzymes: IntroductionSinh học - Chapter 5 (part 1) Enzymes: Introduction

    study of reaction rate determines number of steps involved determines mechanism of reaction identifies “rate-limiting” step

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 4 (part 3): 3 - D Structure/ FunctionSinh học - Chapter 4 (part 3): 3 - D Structure/ Function

    Sickle cell anemia – E6 to V6 Causes V6 to bind to hydrophobic pocket in deoxy-Hb Polymerizes to form long filaments Cause sickling of cells Sickle cell trait offers advantage against malaria Fragile sickle cells can not support parasite

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  • Sinh học - Chapter 4: Part 2 protein 3-D structure: 3o and 4o structure and protein foldingSinh học - Chapter 4: Part 2 protein 3-D structure: 3o and 4o structure and protein folding

    Stabilize native structure Formed after native conformation achieved Abundant in secreted proteins but not in intracellular proteins Protein disulfide isomerase catalyzes reduction of incorrect disulfide linkages

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